J. M. A. Etoa, T. Dongmo, Crescence Moma, F. Meffeja
{"title":"Diagnostic des systèmes d’élevage et essai d’alimentation de porcs en zone périurbaine de Yaoundé","authors":"J. M. A. Etoa, T. Dongmo, Crescence Moma, F. Meffeja","doi":"10.4314/CAJEB.V10I1.1","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"L’inadequation entre l’offre et la demande en viande porcine au Cameroun cree l’urgence de developpement des elevages porcins surtout ceux periurbains. Or, les systemes de production porcine des zones periurbaines de Yaounde restent peu connus, les techniques et les couts de production non maitrisees et eleves. A cet effet, une etude diagnostique a ete menee en 2008 pour analyser les caracteristiques sociologiques et techniques des elevages porcins, identifier les contraintes et y apporter des ameliorations. Des interviews structurees individuelles ont ete effectuees aupres de 40 eleveurs dans 4 localites de la peripherie de Yaounde. Par la suite, un eleveur a ete choisi au hasard pour mener un essai d’alimentation pendant 64 jours. A cet effet, 12 porcelets âges de 2 mois, ayant un poids compris entre 9 et 11kg ont ete repartis en 3 lots (traitements) de 4 porcelets chacun. Les 3 lots ont recu respectivement un aliment a base de graines de soja grillees, un aliment a base du tourteau de coton et un aliment a base du tourteau de palmiste. L’analyse des donnees montre que l’elevage du porc est une activite a but lucratif conduite en majorite par les hommes (75,8%) âges en moyenne de 45 ans. 84,0% des bâtiments d’elevage sont en materiaux provisoire. Les porcs sont de races ameliorees avec 81,2% ayant 2 mises bas/truie/an pour une portee moyenne de 8,5 ± 3,2 porcelets/mise bas. L’alimentation est de type mixte a 70,0% et represente une contrainte majeure. Les porcs nourris a la graine de soja grillee ont un gain de poids de 369,1g/j avec un indice de consommation de 2,8 contre 322g/j pour ceux nourris au tourteau de coton avec un indice de 3,05 et 179,7g/j pour ceux au tourteau de palmiste avec un indice de consommation de 4,65.Mots cles : Elevage ; Porcs ; Diagnostic ; Alimentation ; Periurbain. Diagnosis of breeding systems and pig feeding trial in periurban zones of Yaounde. The mismatch between supply and demand for pork in Cameroon creates urgency of development of pig farms especially peri-urban ones. However, the pig production systems in peri-urban areas of Yaounde remain little known, techniques and costs of production uncontrolled and high. For this purpose, a diagnostic study was conducted in 2008 to analyze the sociological and technical characteristics of pig farms, identify constraints and make improvements. Structured individual interviews were conducted with 40 farmers in 4 localities in the outskirts of Yaounde.Following the investigation, a trial was conducted from a breeder for 64 days: 12 piglets aged 2 months, weighing between 9 and 11kg were divided into 3 groups containing 4 piglets each. The 3 groups corresponding to 3 treatments each received a diet based on roasted soybeans, a diet based on cottonseed cake and a diet containing the palm kernel cake. The data analysis shows that pig farming is a lucrative activity conducted mostly by men (75.8%), with an average age of 45 years. 84.0% of the livestock buildings are provisional materials. Pigs are of improved breeds with 81.2% having two litters/sow/year for an average range of 8.5 ± 3.2 piglets/farrowing. Food is of mixed type in 70.0% and represents a major constraint. Pigs fed by roasted soybean had a weight gain of 369.1 g/day with a feed conversion index of 2.8 against 322g/day for those fed by cottonseed meal with an index of 3.05 and 179.7 g/day for those fed with palm kernel cake with a feed conversion index of 4.65.Key words: Breeding ; pigs ; diagnosis ; feeding ; periurban.","PeriodicalId":9401,"journal":{"name":"Cameroon Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"2","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Cameroon Journal of Experimental Biology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.4314/CAJEB.V10I1.1","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Abstract
L’inadequation entre l’offre et la demande en viande porcine au Cameroun cree l’urgence de developpement des elevages porcins surtout ceux periurbains. Or, les systemes de production porcine des zones periurbaines de Yaounde restent peu connus, les techniques et les couts de production non maitrisees et eleves. A cet effet, une etude diagnostique a ete menee en 2008 pour analyser les caracteristiques sociologiques et techniques des elevages porcins, identifier les contraintes et y apporter des ameliorations. Des interviews structurees individuelles ont ete effectuees aupres de 40 eleveurs dans 4 localites de la peripherie de Yaounde. Par la suite, un eleveur a ete choisi au hasard pour mener un essai d’alimentation pendant 64 jours. A cet effet, 12 porcelets âges de 2 mois, ayant un poids compris entre 9 et 11kg ont ete repartis en 3 lots (traitements) de 4 porcelets chacun. Les 3 lots ont recu respectivement un aliment a base de graines de soja grillees, un aliment a base du tourteau de coton et un aliment a base du tourteau de palmiste. L’analyse des donnees montre que l’elevage du porc est une activite a but lucratif conduite en majorite par les hommes (75,8%) âges en moyenne de 45 ans. 84,0% des bâtiments d’elevage sont en materiaux provisoire. Les porcs sont de races ameliorees avec 81,2% ayant 2 mises bas/truie/an pour une portee moyenne de 8,5 ± 3,2 porcelets/mise bas. L’alimentation est de type mixte a 70,0% et represente une contrainte majeure. Les porcs nourris a la graine de soja grillee ont un gain de poids de 369,1g/j avec un indice de consommation de 2,8 contre 322g/j pour ceux nourris au tourteau de coton avec un indice de 3,05 et 179,7g/j pour ceux au tourteau de palmiste avec un indice de consommation de 4,65.Mots cles : Elevage ; Porcs ; Diagnostic ; Alimentation ; Periurbain. Diagnosis of breeding systems and pig feeding trial in periurban zones of Yaounde. The mismatch between supply and demand for pork in Cameroon creates urgency of development of pig farms especially peri-urban ones. However, the pig production systems in peri-urban areas of Yaounde remain little known, techniques and costs of production uncontrolled and high. For this purpose, a diagnostic study was conducted in 2008 to analyze the sociological and technical characteristics of pig farms, identify constraints and make improvements. Structured individual interviews were conducted with 40 farmers in 4 localities in the outskirts of Yaounde.Following the investigation, a trial was conducted from a breeder for 64 days: 12 piglets aged 2 months, weighing between 9 and 11kg were divided into 3 groups containing 4 piglets each. The 3 groups corresponding to 3 treatments each received a diet based on roasted soybeans, a diet based on cottonseed cake and a diet containing the palm kernel cake. The data analysis shows that pig farming is a lucrative activity conducted mostly by men (75.8%), with an average age of 45 years. 84.0% of the livestock buildings are provisional materials. Pigs are of improved breeds with 81.2% having two litters/sow/year for an average range of 8.5 ± 3.2 piglets/farrowing. Food is of mixed type in 70.0% and represents a major constraint. Pigs fed by roasted soybean had a weight gain of 369.1 g/day with a feed conversion index of 2.8 against 322g/day for those fed by cottonseed meal with an index of 3.05 and 179.7 g/day for those fed with palm kernel cake with a feed conversion index of 4.65.Key words: Breeding ; pigs ; diagnosis ; feeding ; periurban.