Augustin Mewounko, Roger Darman Djoulde, Alain Christian Misse, Oumarou Yakouba, Simon Djakba Basga, Philémon Kaouvon, Charles Amele Njoumoui
Le riz est une céréale cultivée et consommée partout en Afrique. Au Cameroun, il est cultivé en système irrigué, pluvial et bas fond. Sa production par an estimée à 360 000 t, est très inférieure à la demande estimée à environ 800 000 t de paddy. L’Est – Cameroun présente des riches potentialités favorables à la riziculture pluviale, qui reste cependant faiblement pratiquée. Pour cette étude, l’objectif est d’identifier les causes qui freinent la pratique de la riziculture dans cette région potentiellement favorable. Des bassins de productions du riz ont été identifiés par la Délégation Régionale de l’Agriculture et de Développement Rural de l’Est (DRADERE) et la Station Polyvalente de Recherche Agricole de Bertoua (SPRAB) dans les départements de la Kadey, de Lom et Djerem et du Haut Nyong. Ainsi 200 producteurs ont été enquêtés dans 25 villages afin d’identifier les facteurs qui limitent la pratique de la riziculture dans cette région. Il ressort que le rendement moyen régional est de 1,7 t/ha, alors qu’ils sont de 2,2 t/ha dans la Kadey, 1,6 t/ha dans le Lom et Djerem et de 1,2 t/ha dans le Haut Nyong. Les contraintes telles que la baisse de fertilité des sols, les oiseaux ravageurs, la qualité de semence, le traitement post - récolte (TPR), la non maitrise de l’itinéraire technique (ITK), les maladies, les insectes ravageurs, le stress hydrique et la destruction par les hérissons ont été révélées dans tous les trois départements. Cependant, la baisse de fertilité des sols, les oiseaux ravageurs et le traitement post - récolte sont identifiées comme contraintes principales alors que la destruction des hérissons et le déficit hydrique sont des contraintes mineures. Pour réussir la riziculture à l’Est-Cameroun, il faudrait tenir compte de toutes ces contraintes de production qui peuvent compromettre le rendement. Abstract Rice is a cereal grown and consumed everywhere in Africa. In Cameroon, it is grown in irrigated, rainy and lowland system. Its production per year estimated at 360 000 t is much inferior to the estimated demand for about 800,000t of paddy. East - Cameroon has rich potential favorable to upland rice cultivation, which is however weakly practiced. For this study, the objective is to identify the causes that hinder the practice of rice growing in this potentially favorable region. Rice production pools have been identified by the Regional Delegation of Agriculture and Rural Development of Bertoua (RDARDB) and Bertoua Polyvalent Agricultural Research Station (BPARS) in the Kadey division, Lom and Djerem division and Haut Nyong division. Thus 200 producers have been administered questionnaire in 25 villages to identify the factors that limit the practice of rice growing in this region. This study shows that the regional means is 1,7 t/ha, meanwhile in the Kadey Division we have 2,2 t/ha, in the LOM and Djerem Division we have 1,6 t/ha and 1,2 t/ha in Haut Nyong Division. Several constraints have been revealed in the tree division
{"title":"Contraintes de production du riz pluvial dans la Région de l’Est – Cameroun","authors":"Augustin Mewounko, Roger Darman Djoulde, Alain Christian Misse, Oumarou Yakouba, Simon Djakba Basga, Philémon Kaouvon, Charles Amele Njoumoui","doi":"10.4314/cajeb.v16i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/cajeb.v16i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Le riz est une céréale cultivée et consommée partout en Afrique. Au Cameroun, il est cultivé en système irrigué, pluvial et bas fond. Sa production par an estimée à 360 000 t, est très inférieure à la demande estimée à environ 800 000 t de paddy. L’Est – Cameroun présente des riches potentialités favorables à la riziculture pluviale, qui reste cependant faiblement pratiquée. Pour cette étude, l’objectif est d’identifier les causes qui freinent la pratique de la riziculture dans cette région potentiellement favorable. Des bassins de productions du riz ont été identifiés par la Délégation Régionale de l’Agriculture et de Développement Rural de l’Est (DRADERE) et la Station Polyvalente de Recherche Agricole de Bertoua (SPRAB) dans les départements de la Kadey, de Lom et Djerem et du Haut Nyong. Ainsi 200 producteurs ont été enquêtés dans 25 villages afin d’identifier les facteurs qui limitent la pratique de la riziculture dans cette région. Il ressort que le rendement moyen régional est de 1,7 t/ha, alors qu’ils sont de 2,2 t/ha dans la Kadey, 1,6 t/ha dans le Lom et Djerem et de 1,2 t/ha dans le Haut Nyong. Les contraintes telles que la baisse de fertilité des sols, les oiseaux ravageurs, la qualité de semence, le traitement post - récolte (TPR), la non maitrise de l’itinéraire technique (ITK), les maladies, les insectes ravageurs, le stress hydrique et la destruction par les hérissons ont été révélées dans tous les trois départements. Cependant, la baisse de fertilité des sols, les oiseaux ravageurs et le traitement post - récolte sont identifiées comme contraintes principales alors que la destruction des hérissons et le déficit hydrique sont des contraintes mineures. Pour réussir la riziculture à l’Est-Cameroun, il faudrait tenir compte de toutes ces contraintes de production qui peuvent compromettre le rendement. \u0000 Abstract \u0000Rice is a cereal grown and consumed everywhere in Africa. In Cameroon, it is grown in irrigated, rainy and lowland system. Its production per year estimated at 360 000 t is much inferior to the estimated demand for about 800,000t of paddy. East - Cameroon has rich potential favorable to upland rice cultivation, which is however weakly practiced. For this study, the objective is to identify the causes that hinder the practice of rice growing in this potentially favorable region. Rice production pools have been identified by the Regional Delegation of Agriculture and Rural Development of Bertoua (RDARDB) and Bertoua Polyvalent Agricultural Research Station (BPARS) in the Kadey division, Lom and Djerem division and Haut Nyong division. Thus 200 producers have been administered questionnaire in 25 villages to identify the factors that limit the practice of rice growing in this region. This study shows that the regional means is 1,7 t/ha, meanwhile in the Kadey Division we have 2,2 t/ha, in the LOM and Djerem Division we have 1,6 t/ha and 1,2 t/ha in Haut Nyong Division. Several constraints have been revealed in the tree division","PeriodicalId":9401,"journal":{"name":"Cameroon Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90204941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raïssa S. Atchioutchoua, G. Kanmegne, Gaston R. Noumbo Tsopmbeng
Canarium schweinfurthii is one of the agro-forestry tree species with multiple uses in the subtropical countries which is still exploited wild. The purpose of this study was to get insights related to peasants' perceptions on the socio-economic importance and cultivation practice of the species in the Western Highlands of Cameroon. The methodology consisted of surveys among people spread over 7 villages. Two hundred (200) people who were involved in C. schweinfurthii exploitation were selected in the study area following a random approach and interviewed using a structured questionnaire. In addition to the identification of respondents, the information collected from interviewees focused on: 1) knowledge, uses, harvesting methods and the impact of the exploitation of the species on the well-being of people; 2) the trend of the population’s dynamics of the species and, 3) the know-how and practices in the cultivation of the plant. The results showed that almost all the interviewees (99%) knew the species that they exploit in six categories of use (food, medicine, handicraft, construction, timber industry and firewood supply), with a broad consensus (Cs = 0.98) for the use in food. The degree of consensus remained low for its use in medicine (Cs= -0.18), firewood supply (Cs= -0.21), timber industry (Cs= -0.65), construction (Cs= -0.77) and handicrafts (Cs= -0.84). According to 80% of respondents, income from the sale of the fruits significantly contributes to household welfare. The most cited harvesting method was fruits picking, which does not endanger the species. Only 37% of the interviewees perceived a regressive trend in the dynamics of the species' population over the last decade. For 71% of the respondents, the cultivation practice by farmers is rare or even non-existent. The main reasons for non-cultivation of the species are the uncertainty that the planted trees will bear fruits (80% of respondents) and the long duration of the vegetative growth phase (55% of respondents). 90% of respondents expressed their willingness to adopt the cultivation of the species if these constraints are circumvented. These findings showed that C. schweinfurthii would be an interesting candidate for participatory domestication in the Western Highland of Cameroon, for the intensification of agro-forestry systems. For this purpose, the establishment of an efficient protocol for asexual propagation of fruit-producing individuals is needed.
{"title":"Peasants' perceptions on the socioeconomic importance and cultivation practice of Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. (Black olive tree) in the Western Highlands of Cameroon","authors":"Raïssa S. Atchioutchoua, G. Kanmegne, Gaston R. Noumbo Tsopmbeng","doi":"10.4314/cajeb.v16i1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/cajeb.v16i1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Canarium schweinfurthii is one of the agro-forestry tree species with multiple uses in the subtropical countries which is still exploited wild. The purpose of this study was to get insights related to peasants' perceptions on the socio-economic importance and cultivation practice of the species in the Western Highlands of Cameroon. The methodology consisted of surveys among people spread over 7 villages. Two hundred (200) people who were involved in C. schweinfurthii exploitation were selected in the study area following a random approach and interviewed using a structured questionnaire. In addition to the identification of respondents, the information collected from interviewees focused on: 1) knowledge, uses, harvesting methods and the impact of the exploitation of the species on the well-being of people; 2) the trend of the population’s dynamics of the species and, 3) the know-how and practices in the cultivation of the plant. The results showed that almost all the interviewees (99%) knew the species that they exploit in six categories of use (food, medicine, handicraft, construction, timber industry and firewood supply), with a broad consensus (Cs = 0.98) for the use in food. The degree of consensus remained low for its use in medicine (Cs= -0.18), firewood supply (Cs= -0.21), timber industry (Cs= -0.65), construction (Cs= -0.77) and handicrafts (Cs= -0.84). According to 80% of respondents, income from the sale of the fruits significantly contributes to household welfare. The most cited harvesting method was fruits picking, which does not endanger the species. Only 37% of the interviewees perceived a regressive trend in the dynamics of the species' population over the last decade. For 71% of the respondents, the cultivation practice by farmers is rare or even non-existent. The main reasons for non-cultivation of the species are the uncertainty that the planted trees will bear fruits (80% of respondents) and the long duration of the vegetative growth phase (55% of respondents). 90% of respondents expressed their willingness to adopt the cultivation of the species if these constraints are circumvented. These findings showed that C. schweinfurthii would be an interesting candidate for participatory domestication in the Western Highland of Cameroon, for the intensification of agro-forestry systems. For this purpose, the establishment of an efficient protocol for asexual propagation of fruit-producing individuals is needed. ","PeriodicalId":9401,"journal":{"name":"Cameroon Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89960620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eric Cantona Ndonmou, Junior Baudoin Taffo Wouokoue, Mubeteneh Christopher Tankou, Christian Hervé Siohdjie Sime, Marie Louise Tientcheu Avana
Grâce à de nombreux projets qui revalorisent le cacaoyer (Theobroma cacao) et le caféier (Coffea robusta et arabica) dans les savanes humides de l’Ouest-Cameroun, les systèmes agroforestiers (SAFs) à base de caféiers et de cacaoyers recolonisent les espaces et renforcent les capacités de ces savanes dans la conservation de la biodiversité. Cependant, cette contribution demeure peu valorisée dans ces régions et il est nécessaire de l’évaluer afin que ces systèmes soient désormais pris en compte par les Mécanismes de Développement Propres. Dans 7 villages (Bamengui, Ngwatta, Machoutpou, Medima, Maheutchou, Bandounga et Fomopea) répartis sur trois altitudes (400-800m, 800-1200m et 1200-1600m), 82 SAFs dont 43 SAFs cacaoyers, 23 SAFs caféiers et 16 SAFs mixtes ont été caractérisés. Les placettes de 60*40m et de 40*20 m étaient installées pour mesurer les arbres au DHP≥30 cm et pour les arbres au DHP<30 cm respectivement. Globalement, 84 espèces associées au Theobroma cacao et au Coffea spp. ont été identifiées, au rang desquelles Khaya senegalensis, Vittelaria paradoxa et Podocarpus mannii, inscrites sur la liste rouge de l’UICN. Les espèces les plus abondantes étaient Elaeis guineensis (35,2%), Dacryodes edulis (13,9%) et Persea americana (3,9%). Les familles les plus abondantes étaient les Arecaceae (35,2%) et les Burseraceae (14,6%). Les indices moyens de diversité étaient de 1,64±0,35bits pour Shannon, 0,49±0,15 pour Simpson et 0,42±0,10 pour Piélou traduisant la faible diversité de l’ensemble des SAFs. Ces systèmes avaient des densités moyennes de 1838,43±573,89 individus/ha. Les surfaces terrières moyennes étaient de 18±15,7 m²/ha et la surface moyenne du houppier était de 5697,36±2981,81 m²/ha, pour un taux d’ombrage moyen de 56,97%. Ces valeurs variaient en fonction des types de SAFs et d’altitude. Les SAFs cacaoyers, peu considérés par la recherche dans ces régions étaient plus diversifiés, même si cela n’enlève rien à la contribution des autres types de SAFs. Abstract Many projects that revalorize cocoa (Theobroma cacao) and coffee (Coffea robusta and arabica) in the humid savannahs of West Cameroon, the coffee and cocoa agroforestry systems (AFS) are recolonizing the spaces and strengthening the capacities of these savannahs in the conservation of biodiversity. However, this contribution remains undervalued in these regions and it was necessary to assess it so that these AFS are now taken into account by the Clean Development Mechanisms. In 7 villages (Bamengui, Ngwatta, Machoutpou, Medima, Maheutchou, Bandounga and Fomopea) spread over three altitudes (400-800m, 800-1200m and 1200-1600m), 82 AFS including 43 cocoa AFS, 23 coffee AFS and 16 mixed AFS have been characterized. The 60*40 m and 40*20 m plots were respectively installed to measure trees with DBH≥30 cm and for trees with DBH<30 cm. A total of 84 species associated with Theobroma cacao and Coffea spp. have been identified, including Khaya senegalensis, Vittelaria paradox
{"title":"Contribution des agroforêts cacaoyers et caféiers à la conservation de la biodiversité végétale des savanes humides de l’Ouest-Cameroun","authors":"Eric Cantona Ndonmou, Junior Baudoin Taffo Wouokoue, Mubeteneh Christopher Tankou, Christian Hervé Siohdjie Sime, Marie Louise Tientcheu Avana","doi":"10.4314/cajeb.v16i1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/cajeb.v16i1.9","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Grâce à de nombreux projets qui revalorisent le cacaoyer (Theobroma cacao) et le caféier (Coffea robusta et arabica) dans les savanes humides de l’Ouest-Cameroun, les systèmes agroforestiers (SAFs) à base de caféiers et de cacaoyers recolonisent les espaces et renforcent les capacités de ces savanes dans la conservation de la biodiversité. Cependant, cette contribution demeure peu valorisée dans ces régions et il est nécessaire de l’évaluer afin que ces systèmes soient désormais pris en compte par les Mécanismes de Développement Propres. Dans 7 villages (Bamengui, Ngwatta, Machoutpou, Medima, Maheutchou, Bandounga et Fomopea) répartis sur trois altitudes (400-800m, 800-1200m et 1200-1600m), 82 SAFs dont 43 SAFs cacaoyers, 23 SAFs caféiers et 16 SAFs mixtes ont été caractérisés. Les placettes de 60*40m et de 40*20 m étaient installées pour mesurer les arbres au DHP≥30 cm et pour les arbres au DHP<30 cm respectivement. Globalement, 84 espèces associées au Theobroma cacao et au Coffea spp. ont été identifiées, au rang desquelles Khaya senegalensis, Vittelaria paradoxa et Podocarpus mannii, inscrites sur la liste rouge de l’UICN. Les espèces les plus abondantes étaient Elaeis guineensis (35,2%), Dacryodes edulis (13,9%) et Persea americana (3,9%). Les familles les plus abondantes étaient les Arecaceae (35,2%) et les Burseraceae (14,6%). Les indices moyens de diversité étaient de 1,64±0,35bits pour Shannon, 0,49±0,15 pour Simpson et 0,42±0,10 pour Piélou traduisant la faible diversité de l’ensemble des SAFs. Ces systèmes avaient des densités moyennes de 1838,43±573,89 individus/ha. Les surfaces terrières moyennes étaient de 18±15,7 m²/ha et la surface moyenne du houppier était de 5697,36±2981,81 m²/ha, pour un taux d’ombrage moyen de 56,97%. Ces valeurs variaient en fonction des types de SAFs et d’altitude. Les SAFs cacaoyers, peu considérés par la recherche dans ces régions étaient plus diversifiés, même si cela n’enlève rien à la contribution des autres types de SAFs. \u0000Abstract \u0000Many projects that revalorize cocoa (Theobroma cacao) and coffee (Coffea robusta and arabica) in the humid savannahs of West Cameroon, the coffee and cocoa agroforestry systems (AFS) are recolonizing the spaces and strengthening the capacities of these savannahs in the conservation of biodiversity. However, this contribution remains undervalued in these regions and it was necessary to assess it so that these AFS are now taken into account by the Clean Development Mechanisms. In 7 villages (Bamengui, Ngwatta, Machoutpou, Medima, Maheutchou, Bandounga and Fomopea) spread over three altitudes (400-800m, 800-1200m and 1200-1600m), 82 AFS including 43 cocoa AFS, 23 coffee AFS and 16 mixed AFS have been characterized. The 60*40 m and 40*20 m plots were respectively installed to measure trees with DBH≥30 cm and for trees with DBH<30 cm. A total of 84 species associated with Theobroma cacao and Coffea spp. have been identified, including Khaya senegalensis, Vittelaria paradox","PeriodicalId":9401,"journal":{"name":"Cameroon Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81112421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. K. Wuyt, Pamela A. Nono Nankam, E. P. Nguelefack-Mbuyo, T. B. Nguelefack
Cardiometabolic diseases are among the main leading causes of morbidity and mortality over the world. The coexistence of a bundle of metabolic risk factors in an individual has prompted Reaven to consider it as a syndrome, called “X syndrome”. The term has later evolved and the health condition is today called “cardiometabolics syndrome” (CMS). Significant progress in the understanding of the pathophysiology of the CMS has been made during the past years. Being able to adequately assess cardiometabolic risk (CMR) is crucial for proper diagnosis, prevention, and better management of CMS, as this could be helpful to slow down its progression and complications. This could also be useful in the preclinical and clinical evaluation of potential treatment strategies. Several methods have been developed to assess the risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases in chronic and clinical setting. However, these methods show limitations when applying to short and experimental settings involving rodents. Therefore, this commentary aims at redefining and highlighting the main risk factors to be reconsidered in cardiometabolic syndrome definition; and proposing a comprehensive estimation method for the evaluation of the CMR in rodents. This is relevant for an appropriate utilization of the term CMS and a deep evaluation of therapeutic targets in experimental settings.
{"title":"A comprehensive cardiometabolic risk score estimation method in rodents","authors":"A. K. Wuyt, Pamela A. Nono Nankam, E. P. Nguelefack-Mbuyo, T. B. Nguelefack","doi":"10.4314/cajeb.v16i1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/cajeb.v16i1.10","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiometabolic diseases are among the main leading causes of morbidity and mortality over the world. The coexistence of a bundle of metabolic risk factors in an individual has prompted Reaven to consider it as a syndrome, called “X syndrome”. The term has later evolved and the health condition is today called “cardiometabolics syndrome” (CMS). Significant progress in the understanding of the pathophysiology of the CMS has been made during the past years. Being able to adequately assess cardiometabolic risk (CMR) is crucial for proper diagnosis, prevention, and better management of CMS, as this could be helpful to slow down its progression and complications. This could also be useful in the preclinical and clinical evaluation of potential treatment strategies. Several methods have been developed to assess the risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases in chronic and clinical setting. However, these methods show limitations when applying to short and experimental settings involving rodents. Therefore, this commentary aims at redefining and highlighting the main risk factors to be reconsidered in cardiometabolic syndrome definition; and proposing a comprehensive estimation method for the evaluation of the CMR in rodents. This is relevant for an appropriate utilization of the term CMS and a deep evaluation of therapeutic targets in experimental settings.","PeriodicalId":9401,"journal":{"name":"Cameroon Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"506 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78149120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Herbert Bamare Djomtchaigue, M. Koussou, V. Zeuh, J. Awah-Ndukum, F. Meutchieye
A cross-sectional and retrospective survey was conducted from September 2021 to January 2022 in the provinces of Chari-Baguirmi and Mandoul (Chad) aiming at analyzing the husbandry and breeding features of Fulani sheep. A total of 144 sheep keepers owning the Fulani sheep breed were surveyed on the basis of their willingness to freely participate. Results show that the respondents belong in majority to Arab and Fulani ethnic groups. Youths and adults were the major groups of keepers (74.98%) followed by the group of above 50 years old (25%). The majority of respondents were married (98.1%). Monogamous families were more represented (63.19%) followed by polygamous families (34.72%). Large majority did not attend formal instruction level (61.80%), followed by 38.20% (either in Arabic or in French). Small family to medium family sizes were more represented (73.91%) compared to larger family size (27.07%). The main activity was livestock husbandry (91.66%), followed by crop production (69.44%) as a secondary activity. Inheritance and purchase constituted the mode of acquisition of Fulani sheep. Mobility was largely based on transhumance (95.48%) for pastoral lands (61.80%) and water sources (40.97%). About 93.75% of sampled herders were homeless and about 6.24% of them stock their flocks in paddocks made up of thorns. Natural carbonate soda source known as “Lime” was used as a mineral supplement in the rainy season by 45.76% of respondents (August-September). Groundnut cake (23.3%), cereal bran (18.21%) and cottonseed cake (11.86%) were used during the lean season (March-May) as supplementary feeds. Combined prophylaxis (vaccination and deworming) and deworming was practiced respectively by 55.54% and 15.6% as opposed to 26.48% who were reported to be without prophylaxis. Keeping the Fulani sheep was provided by family labor 54.5% followed by permanent employees who were mostly Fulani shepherds (29.72%). In terms of exploitation, reproduction (85.02%) was the main source to maintain flocks, where sales (40%), mortalities (29.4%) and slaughtering (19.5%) were the main factors affecting decrease in flock size. This study provides a better perception on the farming and breeding practices of the Fulani sheep of Chad. Thus, the sustainable use and enhancement of this sheep genetic resource require a better understanding of both phenotypic and molecular characteristics.
{"title":"Husbandry and breeding features of Fulani sheep in the Chari-Baguirmi and Mandoul provinces of Chad","authors":"Herbert Bamare Djomtchaigue, M. Koussou, V. Zeuh, J. Awah-Ndukum, F. Meutchieye","doi":"10.4314/cajeb.v16i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/cajeb.v16i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000A cross-sectional and retrospective survey was conducted from September 2021 to January 2022 in the provinces of Chari-Baguirmi and Mandoul (Chad) aiming at analyzing the husbandry and breeding features of Fulani sheep. A total of 144 sheep keepers owning the Fulani sheep breed were surveyed on the basis of their willingness to freely participate. Results show that the respondents belong in majority to Arab and Fulani ethnic groups. Youths and adults were the major groups of keepers (74.98%) followed by the group of above 50 years old (25%). The majority of respondents were married (98.1%). Monogamous families were more represented (63.19%) followed by polygamous families (34.72%). Large majority did not attend formal instruction level (61.80%), followed by 38.20% (either in Arabic or in French). Small family to medium family sizes were more represented (73.91%) compared to larger family size (27.07%). The main activity was livestock husbandry (91.66%), followed by crop production (69.44%) as a secondary activity. Inheritance and purchase constituted the mode of acquisition of Fulani sheep. Mobility was largely based on transhumance (95.48%) for pastoral lands (61.80%) and water sources (40.97%). About 93.75% of sampled herders were homeless and about 6.24% of them stock their flocks in paddocks made up of thorns. Natural carbonate soda source known as “Lime” was used as a mineral supplement in the rainy season by 45.76% of respondents (August-September). Groundnut cake (23.3%), cereal bran (18.21%) and cottonseed cake (11.86%) were used during the lean season (March-May) as supplementary feeds. Combined prophylaxis (vaccination and deworming) and deworming was practiced respectively by 55.54% and 15.6% as opposed to 26.48% who were reported to be without prophylaxis. Keeping the Fulani sheep was provided by family labor 54.5% followed by permanent employees who were mostly Fulani shepherds (29.72%). In terms of exploitation, reproduction (85.02%) was the main source to maintain flocks, where sales (40%), mortalities (29.4%) and slaughtering (19.5%) were the main factors affecting decrease in flock size. This study provides a better perception on the farming and breeding practices of the Fulani sheep of Chad. Thus, the sustainable use and enhancement of this sheep genetic resource require a better understanding of both phenotypic and molecular characteristics. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":9401,"journal":{"name":"Cameroon Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88690888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lacatuce Tene Kenne, Marie Caroline Solefack Momo, B. Tiokeng
La perte de la biodiversité végétale dans les Unités Forestières d’Aménagements (UFA) est liée aux activités forestières pratiquées dans ce milieu. Ces activités affectent la structure et la capacité de régénération de la forêt. La présente étude vise à analyser la structure et la régénération naturelle de la végétation de l’UFA 00-004 situé dans le Littoral-Cameroun. Les inventaires se sont déroulés dans trois Assiettes Annuelles de Coupes (AAC), dont deux exploitées (AAC 1-1 et AAC 1-2) et une non exploitée (AAC 1-4). Le comptage des ligneux à diamètre à hauteur de poitrine (DHP) ≥ 10 cm s’est effectué dans les quadrats de 200 m x 200 m. Pour la régénération naturelle, les inventaires des jeunes tiges dont le DHP est < 10 cm ont été effectués dans les sous-quadrats de 2 m de côté. Globalement, 203 espèces appartenant à 158 genres et 58 familles botaniques ont été recensées. Les peuplements exploités ont présenté des densités faibles (711,5 tiges/ha pour AAC 1-1 et 810 tiges/ha pour AAC 1-2) par rapport au peuplement non exploité (1114,75 tiges/ha). Les familles les plus importantes sont les Fabaceae, Meliaceae, Apocynaceae, Malvaceae et Olacaceae pour les trois peuplements. La structure diamétrique des ligneux à DHP ≥ 10 cm présente une forme en « J » inversé pour les trois peuplements. Les espèces exploitables ont présenté quatre types de structure : la structure en forme de cloche, de « J », erratique et en « J » inversé. Le taux de régénération des espèces est plus élevé dans les peuplements exploités (43,21 % pour l’AAC 1-1 et 39,10 % pour l’AAC 1-2) comparé à celui du peuplement non exploité. Il serait nécessaire que l’administration en charge de la gestion des forêts encourage après exploitation une régénération naturelle assistée en collaboration avec les populations riveraines pour garantir une réelle reconstitution des ressources végétales après exploitation. En effet, ces populations locales, s’appuyant sur leur connaissance de la terre et sur les traditions ancestrales ou locales aident les arbres et la végétation indigène à se rétablir naturellement en éliminant les menaces à leur croissance et à leur survie Abstract The loss of plant biodiversity in Forest Management Units (FMUs) is due to the forestry activities carried out in this environment. These activities affect the structure and regeneration capacity of the forest. This study aims to analyse the structure and natural regeneration of the vegetation of FMU 00-004 in the Littoral region of Cameroon. The surveys were conducted in three Annual Allowable Cuts (AAC) of FMU 00-004, two of which are logged (AAC 1-1 and AAC 1-2) and one of which is unlogged (AAC 1-4). The woody species with a diameter ≥ 10 cm were counted in 200 m x 200 m quadrats. For natural regeneration, inventories of young stems with a diameter < 10 cm were carried out in sub-quadrats of 2 m sides. In total, 203 species belonging to 158 genera and 58 families were recorded. The logged stands had low densities
森林管理单位(fsu)植物生物多样性的丧失与该地区的林业活动有关。这些活动影响森林的结构和再生能力。本研究旨在分析位于喀麦隆海岸的ufa 00-004植被的结构和自然更新。库存在三个年度切割板(aafc)中进行，其中两个已运营(aafc 1-1和aafc 1-2)和一个未运营(aafc 1-4)。在200 m × 200 m的象限内计数胸高直径(DHP)≥10 cm的木本。为了自然再生，在边长2 m的亚象限内对DHP < 10 cm的嫩茎进行清查。共鉴定出58科158属203种。采伐林分密度较低(AAC 1-1为711.5茎/公顷，AAC 1-2为810茎/公顷)，未采伐林分密度为1114.75茎/公顷。三种林分中最重要的科是豆科、Meliaceae、夹竹桃科、Malvaceae和Olacaceae。在DHP≥10 cm时，三种林分木本的直径结构均为倒J形。可开发的物种有四种类型的结构:钟形结构、“J”结构、不稳定结构和反向“J”结构。与未开发林分相比，已开发林分的物种更新率较高(aac 1-1为43.21%，aac 1-2为39.10%)。负责森林管理的行政当局应与邻近社区合作，促进采伐后的自然再生，以确保采伐后植物资源的真正恢复。。事实上,这些当地人,他们依靠知识和地球上最古老传统地方或帮助本土树木和植被自然恢复,消除了自己成长和生存的威胁,文摘in The loss of biodiversity plant)的森林管理单位(FMUs) is due to The environment林业活动carried out in this。这些活动影响到森林的结构和再生能力。本研究旨在分析喀麦隆沿海地区FMU 00-004植被的结构和自然再生。对FMU 00-004的3次年度允许切割(AAC)进行了调查，其中2次已记录(AAC 1-1和AAC 1-2)， 1次未记录(AAC 1-4)。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，该地区的总面积为，其中土地和(0.964平方公里)水。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的面积为，其中土地面积为，其中土地面积为。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查局的数据，该县的总面积为，其中土地和(1.)水。原木支架的密度较低(AAC 1-1为711.5根/公顷，AAC 1-2为810根/公顷)，而未原木支架的密度为1114.75根/公顷。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的总面积是，其中土地和(5.064平方公里)水。= =地理根据美国人口普查，这个县的总面积是土地和水。收获品种有四种结构:钟形、j形、不稳定型和倒立j形。该物种的再生率较高(AAC 1-1为43.21%，AAC 1-2为39.10%)。负责森林管理的行政当局必须与当地人民合作，促进采伐后的辅助自然再生，以确保采伐后植物资源的实际恢复。事实上，这些当地居民依靠他们对土地和祖传或当地传统的了解，通过消除对其生长和生存的威胁，帮助树木和原生植被自然恢复。
{"title":"Structure et régénération des peuplements ligneux dans l’Unité Forestière d’Aménagement (UFA) 00-004 dans le Littoral-Cameroun","authors":"Lacatuce Tene Kenne, Marie Caroline Solefack Momo, B. Tiokeng","doi":"10.4314/cajeb.v16i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/cajeb.v16i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"La perte de la biodiversité végétale dans les Unités Forestières d’Aménagements (UFA) est liée aux activités forestières pratiquées dans ce milieu. Ces activités affectent la structure et la capacité de régénération de la forêt. La présente étude vise à analyser la structure et la régénération naturelle de la végétation de l’UFA 00-004 situé dans le Littoral-Cameroun. Les inventaires se sont déroulés dans trois Assiettes Annuelles de Coupes (AAC), dont deux exploitées (AAC 1-1 et AAC 1-2) et une non exploitée (AAC 1-4). Le comptage des ligneux à diamètre à hauteur de poitrine (DHP) ≥ 10 cm s’est effectué dans les quadrats de 200 m x 200 m. Pour la régénération naturelle, les inventaires des jeunes tiges dont le DHP est < 10 cm ont été effectués dans les sous-quadrats de 2 m de côté. Globalement, 203 espèces appartenant à 158 genres et 58 familles botaniques ont été recensées. Les peuplements exploités ont présenté des densités faibles (711,5 tiges/ha pour AAC 1-1 et 810 tiges/ha pour AAC 1-2) par rapport au peuplement non exploité (1114,75 tiges/ha). Les familles les plus importantes sont les Fabaceae, Meliaceae, Apocynaceae, Malvaceae et Olacaceae pour les trois peuplements. La structure diamétrique des ligneux à DHP ≥ 10 cm présente une forme en « J » inversé pour les trois peuplements. Les espèces exploitables ont présenté quatre types de structure : la structure en forme de cloche, de « J », erratique et en « J » inversé. Le taux de régénération des espèces est plus élevé dans les peuplements exploités (43,21 % pour l’AAC 1-1 et 39,10 % pour l’AAC 1-2) comparé à celui du peuplement non exploité. Il serait nécessaire que l’administration en charge de la gestion des forêts encourage après exploitation une régénération naturelle assistée en collaboration avec les populations riveraines pour garantir une réelle reconstitution des ressources végétales après exploitation. En effet, ces populations locales, s’appuyant sur leur connaissance de la terre et sur les traditions ancestrales ou locales aident les arbres et la végétation indigène à se rétablir naturellement en éliminant les menaces à leur croissance et à leur survie \u0000 Abstract \u0000The loss of plant biodiversity in Forest Management Units (FMUs) is due to the forestry activities carried out in this environment. These activities affect the structure and regeneration capacity of the forest. This study aims to analyse the structure and natural regeneration of the vegetation of FMU 00-004 in the Littoral region of Cameroon. The surveys were conducted in three Annual Allowable Cuts (AAC) of FMU 00-004, two of which are logged (AAC 1-1 and AAC 1-2) and one of which is unlogged (AAC 1-4). The woody species with a diameter ≥ 10 cm were counted in 200 m x 200 m quadrats. For natural regeneration, inventories of young stems with a diameter < 10 cm were carried out in sub-quadrats of 2 m sides. In total, 203 species belonging to 158 genera and 58 families were recorded. The logged stands had low densities","PeriodicalId":9401,"journal":{"name":"Cameroon Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72818461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vanessa Tchaleu, Marie Caroline Solefack Momo, Yanick Borel Kamga, Aimé Mateso Kambalea, V. Nguetsop
Les forêts tropicales en général et particulièrement celles du bassin du Congo subissent d’importants changements physionomiques sous l’effet des pressions anthropiques. L’objectif de ce travail était de contribuer à l’étude de la phytodiversité et la structure des peuplements des zones de contact forêt-savane dans l’arrondissement de Ntui. Les inventaires floristiques ont été réalisés sur 30 relevés de 40m x 40m. Au total 1264 individus à diamètre à hauteur de poitrine ≥ 10 cm ont été inventoriés, soit 135 espèces réparties dans 102 genres et 38 familles. Ces espèces recensées sont réparties dans trois différents biotopes à la raison de 103 espèces en forêt semi-caducifoliée, 60 en zone de contact forêt-savane ou lisière et 25 en savane. Les espèces les plus importantes en forêt avec des indices d’importance supérieurs à 75 sont par ordre décroissant : Ceiba pentandra, Albizia zygia, Trilepisium madagascariensis. Dans la zone de contact forêt-savane, Albizia zygia est l’espèce ayant la plus grande valeur d’importance, suivie de Mangifera indica, Caloncoba welwitschii et Terminalia glaucescens entre autres. En savane, les trois espèces les plus importantes sont: Terminalia glaucescens, suivie de Annona senegalensis et Bridelia micrantha. Le quotient spécifique au sein des différents peuplements est relativement faible (variant de 1,1 à 1,2) ainsi que les valeurs de l’indice de Shannon (1,44 à 3,11 bits). L’indice de Simpson varie de 0,70 à 0,94 et l’équitabilité de Piélou varie de 0,80 à 0,95. Les différents indices ont montré que ces sites possèdent une diversité floristique relativement faible. La distribution des individus en classes de diamètre dans le site d’étude présente une allure décroissante, caractéristique des espèces des forêts tropicales. Cette faible représentation des individus de classes supérieures pourrait s’expliquer par une pression anthropique sur les peuplements à travers la coupe artisanale non réglementée du bois d’œuvre. Abstract Tropical forests in general and particularly those of the Congo basin are undergoing significant physionomic changes under the effect of anthropogenic pressures. The objective of this work was to contribute to the study of the phytodiversity and the structure of the stands of the forest-savanna contact zones of the Ntui subdivision. The floristic inventories were carried out on 30 plots of 40m x 40m. A total of 1264 individuals of diameter at breast height ≥ 10 cm were counted, with 135 species distributed in 102 genera and 38 families. These species are distributed in three different biotopes due to 103 species in semi-caducifolious forest, 60 in the contact zone and 25 in savanna zone. The most important species in the forest with importance indices greater than 75 are in descending order: Ceiba pentandra, Albizia zygia, Trilepisium madagascariensis. In the contact zone Albizia zygia is the species with the highest importance, followed by Mangifera indica, Caloncoba welwitschii and Termin
总的来说，热带森林，特别是刚果盆地的热带森林，由于人类的压力，正在经历重大的地貌变化。这项工作的目的是对恩图伊区森林-稀树草原交界处的植物多样性和林分结构的研究作出贡献。对30个40米× 40米的调查进行了植物区系调查。共鉴定胸径≥10 cm的个体1264只，共135种，分布于38科102属。这些物种分布在3个不同的生物群落中，半落叶林103种，森林-稀树草原或边缘接触区60种，稀树草原25种。森林中重要指数在75以上的最重要树种依次为木棉五味子、合欢、马达加斯加三叶树。在森林-稀树草原交界处，合欢是最重要的物种，其次是Mangifera indica、Caloncoba welwitschii和Terminalia glaucescens等。在热带稀树草原，三个最重要的物种是Terminalia glaucescens，其次是Annona senegalensis和Bridelia micrantha。不同林分的比商相对较低(从1.1到1.2不等)，Shannon指数值(1.44到3.11位)也相对较低。辛普森指数从0.70到0.94不等，皮卢的公平度从0.80到0.95不等。各种指标表明，这些地点的植物区系多样性相对较低。在研究地点，直径等级的个体分布呈递减趋势，这是热带森林物种的特征。上层阶级个体的低代表性可能是由于不受管制的手工砍伐木材对林分造成的人为压力。在人类压力的影响下，刚果盆地一般和特别是热带森林的抽象热带森林正在发生重大的地名变化。这项工作的目的是为研究Ntui分区的森林稀树草原接触带的植物多样性和树冠结构作出贡献。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的总面积是，其中土地和(0.04平方公里)水。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查局的数据，该县的总面积为，其中土地和(1.)水。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，该地区的总面积为，其中土地和(2.641平方公里)水。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，该地区的总面积为，其中土地和(1.1%)水。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，该地区的总面积为，其中土地和(2.641平方公里)水。在热带稀树草原，最重要的物种是Terminalia glaucescens，其次是Annona senegalensis和Bridelia micrantha。(ranging from The特定商数在大坡relatively low 1.1 ~ 1.2), and also The Shannon指数。改良(1.44 to 3.11比特)。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，该镇总面积为，其中土地和(1.1%)水。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，该地区的总面积为，其中土地和(1.1%)水。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查局的数据，这个城镇的总面积，其中土地和(1.7%)水。上层个体的代表性较低，可以解释为非法手工砍伐木材造成的人为压力。
{"title":"Diversité floristique et structure de la végétation dans la mosaïque forêt savane à Ntui (Région du Centre-Cameroun)","authors":"Vanessa Tchaleu, Marie Caroline Solefack Momo, Yanick Borel Kamga, Aimé Mateso Kambalea, V. Nguetsop","doi":"10.4314/cajeb.v16i1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/cajeb.v16i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Les forêts tropicales en général et particulièrement celles du bassin du Congo subissent d’importants changements physionomiques sous l’effet des pressions anthropiques. L’objectif de ce travail était de contribuer à l’étude de la phytodiversité et la structure des peuplements des zones de contact forêt-savane dans l’arrondissement de Ntui. Les inventaires floristiques ont été réalisés sur 30 relevés de 40m x 40m. Au total 1264 individus à diamètre à hauteur de poitrine ≥ 10 cm ont été inventoriés, soit 135 espèces réparties dans 102 genres et 38 familles. Ces espèces recensées sont réparties dans trois différents biotopes à la raison de 103 espèces en forêt semi-caducifoliée, 60 en zone de contact forêt-savane ou lisière et 25 en savane. Les espèces les plus importantes en forêt avec des indices d’importance supérieurs à 75 sont par ordre décroissant : Ceiba pentandra, Albizia zygia, Trilepisium madagascariensis. Dans la zone de contact forêt-savane, Albizia zygia est l’espèce ayant la plus grande valeur d’importance, suivie de Mangifera indica, Caloncoba welwitschii et Terminalia glaucescens entre autres. En savane, les trois espèces les plus importantes sont: Terminalia glaucescens, suivie de Annona senegalensis et Bridelia micrantha. Le quotient spécifique au sein des différents peuplements est relativement faible (variant de 1,1 à 1,2) ainsi que les valeurs de l’indice de Shannon (1,44 à 3,11 bits). L’indice de Simpson varie de 0,70 à 0,94 et l’équitabilité de Piélou varie de 0,80 à 0,95. Les différents indices ont montré que ces sites possèdent une diversité floristique relativement faible. La distribution des individus en classes de diamètre dans le site d’étude présente une allure décroissante, caractéristique des espèces des forêts tropicales. Cette faible représentation des individus de classes supérieures pourrait s’expliquer par une pression anthropique sur les peuplements à travers la coupe artisanale non réglementée du bois d’œuvre. \u0000 \u0000Abstract \u0000Tropical forests in general and particularly those of the Congo basin are undergoing significant physionomic changes under the effect of anthropogenic pressures. The objective of this work was to contribute to the study of the phytodiversity and the structure of the stands of the forest-savanna contact zones of the Ntui subdivision. The floristic inventories were carried out on 30 plots of 40m x 40m. A total of 1264 individuals of diameter at breast height ≥ 10 cm were counted, with 135 species distributed in 102 genera and 38 families. These species are distributed in three different biotopes due to 103 species in semi-caducifolious forest, 60 in the contact zone and 25 in savanna zone. The most important species in the forest with importance indices greater than 75 are in descending order: Ceiba pentandra, Albizia zygia, Trilepisium madagascariensis. In the contact zone Albizia zygia is the species with the highest importance, followed by Mangifera indica, Caloncoba welwitschii and Termin","PeriodicalId":9401,"journal":{"name":"Cameroon Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"123 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82878083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of methanolic extract from green tea leaves (TLE) on the oxidative stability of palm olein during deep-fat-frying and on the nutrient composition of plantain chips produced from it. Palm olein samples were respectively enriched with 1000, 1400 and 1800 ppm of extract; and 200 ppm of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) which served as positive control; while oil without additives served as negative control. A total of 15 frying cycles was done at 180°C for 3 min. Oil samples were collected fresh, at 1, 5, 8, 10 and 15 frying cycles for quality analysis. The evaluated parameters were the peroxide, anisidine, thiobarbituric acid, and iodine and total oxidation values (TOTOX). The plantain chips obtained after 5, 10 and 15 frying cycles were assessed for their proximate composition and mineral content using standards methods. Results showed that after 15 frying cycles, TLE at 1800 ppm protected palm olein from oxidation better than BHT as TOTOX of these oil samples were 25.54 and 28.24 respectively. A proximate and mineral composition analyses of chips revealed that in contrast to the samples made from oil without additives, those made from oil enriched with TLE showed low oil content and high carbohydrate, protein and mineral (phosphorus, calcium and magnesium) content. It can be concluded that green tea leaves extract is efficient in delaying palm olein alteration and increases the nutrient composition of plantain chips.
{"title":"Chemical and Nutritional Analysis of Oil and Plantain Chips from Palm Olein Enriched with Extracts of Green Tea Leaves (Camellia sinensis)","authors":"Valerie Loungaing Demgne, Fabrice Tonfack Djikeng, Gires Boungo Teboukeu, Fabrice Hervé Njike Ngamga, H. Womeni","doi":"10.4314/cajeb.v16i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/cajeb.v16i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of methanolic extract from green tea leaves (TLE) on the oxidative stability of palm olein during deep-fat-frying and on the nutrient composition of plantain chips produced from it. Palm olein samples were respectively enriched with 1000, 1400 and 1800 ppm of extract; and 200 ppm of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) which served as positive control; while oil without additives served as negative control. A total of 15 frying cycles was done at 180°C for 3 min. Oil samples were collected fresh, at 1, 5, 8, 10 and 15 frying cycles for quality analysis. The evaluated parameters were the peroxide, anisidine, thiobarbituric acid, and iodine and total oxidation values (TOTOX). The plantain chips obtained after 5, 10 and 15 frying cycles were assessed for their proximate composition and mineral content using standards methods. Results showed that after 15 frying cycles, TLE at 1800 ppm protected palm olein from oxidation better than BHT as TOTOX of these oil samples were 25.54 and 28.24 respectively. A proximate and mineral composition analyses of chips revealed that in contrast to the samples made from oil without additives, those made from oil enriched with TLE showed low oil content and high carbohydrate, protein and mineral (phosphorus, calcium and magnesium) content. It can be concluded that green tea leaves extract is efficient in delaying palm olein alteration and increases the nutrient composition of plantain chips.","PeriodicalId":9401,"journal":{"name":"Cameroon Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86482396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eugène Phounzong-Tafre, Gabriel Kanmegne, Roger Doumdi-Braogue, Jarvin Ovaric Kouete, Alain Ngotio Tchinda, Jean Nguemezi-Aghofack
Fruits are products of high economic value with a very important nutritional contribution due to their richness in vitamins, minerals, fibers and bioactive compounds. However, their consumption remains insufficient because of high post-harvest losses. This is why this study was conducted with the aim of reducing post-harvest losses of bananas. Fruit treatment consisted of soaking in Triton X-100 for 10 min, then in calcium chloride solutions at different concentrations for 30 min. The effects of treatments on shelf life and ripening parameters (ripening rate and index, firmness, pH, titratable acidity, pigment and ascorbic acid contents, and activity of chlorophyllase and pectin-methylesterase) were determined. The results show that the longest storage times (25 to 27 days) were recorded in bananas treated with Triton X-100 at 2 or 4% CaCl2. The 6 % and 8% CaCl2 treatments as well as the control bananas showed the lowest storage time. The low index and slow ripening kinetics were found in bananas treated with 2 and 4% calcium chloride. The chlorophyll content gradually decreased during the storage and this in a similar way for all the treatments. No significant variation in carotenoid content was observed over time. Firmness and pH decreased significantly, while titratable acidity and ascorbic acid content increased over time. The activity of chlorophyllase and that of pectin-methylesterase increased over time. From all the above, it appears that the combined treatments with Triton X-100 and 2 or 4% calcium chloride solution significantly extended the green life duration of the bananas and slowed the physiological processes associated to ripening.
{"title":"Effet combiné du Triton X-100 et du chlorure de calcium sur le processus de murissement de la banane et quelques composants physiologiques impliqués","authors":"Eugène Phounzong-Tafre, Gabriel Kanmegne, Roger Doumdi-Braogue, Jarvin Ovaric Kouete, Alain Ngotio Tchinda, Jean Nguemezi-Aghofack","doi":"10.4314/cajeb.v16i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/cajeb.v16i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Fruits are products of high economic value with a very important nutritional contribution due to their richness in vitamins, minerals, fibers and bioactive compounds. However, their consumption remains insufficient because of high post-harvest losses. This is why this study was conducted with the aim of reducing post-harvest losses of bananas. Fruit treatment consisted of soaking in Triton X-100 for 10 min, then in calcium chloride solutions at different concentrations for 30 min. The effects of treatments on shelf life and ripening parameters (ripening rate and index, firmness, pH, titratable acidity, pigment and ascorbic acid contents, and activity of chlorophyllase and pectin-methylesterase) were determined. The results show that the longest storage times (25 to 27 days) were recorded in bananas treated with Triton X-100 at 2 or 4% CaCl2. The 6 % and 8% CaCl2 treatments as well as the control bananas showed the lowest storage time. The low index and slow ripening kinetics were found in bananas treated with 2 and 4% calcium chloride. The chlorophyll content gradually decreased during the storage and this in a similar way for all the treatments. No significant variation in carotenoid content was observed over time. Firmness and pH decreased significantly, while titratable acidity and ascorbic acid content increased over time. The activity of chlorophyllase and that of pectin-methylesterase increased over time. From all the above, it appears that the combined treatments with Triton X-100 and 2 or 4% calcium chloride solution significantly extended the green life duration of the bananas and slowed the physiological processes associated to ripening.","PeriodicalId":9401,"journal":{"name":"Cameroon Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87486094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ifeoma Veronica Alaje, A. M. Adebisi, Okama Joyce Amadi, Adewal Musibau Alaje, Funmi Folshade Adegoke, Jubril Olawale Olalekan
Poor germination and seedling establishment as well as unavailability of seeds are major problems in sustainable production of Irvingia wombolu. Hence the need to find the right colour fruit maturity, storage time and pre-sowing water treatment on emergence and seedling vigour parameters of bitter wild mango seeds with the aim of improving this multipurpose fruit tree species. Five maturity colour which include green, yellow, yellowish green, greenish brown and dark brown were subjected to 4 water soaking regimes (0, 12, 24 and 36 h) and 4 room temperature storage duration (0, 2, 4 and 6 weeks). Completely randomized design factorial with three replications was used. Data on seed emergence capacity, seedling length, seed vigour index (SVI), stem diameter and number of leaves were subjected to analysis of variance. Results shows that significant differences (P<0.05-P<0.01) were observed in the five quality traits observed due to differences in fruit colour, soaking time and storage time. The three- way interaction between fruit colour, soaking time and storage time were significant ((P<0.05-P<0.01) for all the characters. Dark brown fruit recorded the best in terms of emergence, seedling vigour index, stem diameter and leaf while yellow colour fruit had the best in terms of plant height. Zero-hour soaking had the highest in seedling emergence, seedling vigour index and leaf number while 12 h soaking gave the best effect in terms of plant height and stem diameter. Dark brown and yellow colour fruit of I. wombolu are recommended and short duration of soaking for 0-12 h will enhance the plant height and stem diameter.
{"title":"Fruit maturity, storage time and pre-sowing water treatment effect on emergence and seedling vigour parameters of bitter wild mango (Irvingia wombolu Vermoesen) seeds in the nursery","authors":"Ifeoma Veronica Alaje, A. M. Adebisi, Okama Joyce Amadi, Adewal Musibau Alaje, Funmi Folshade Adegoke, Jubril Olawale Olalekan","doi":"10.4314/cajeb.v16i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/cajeb.v16i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Poor germination and seedling establishment as well as unavailability of seeds are major problems in sustainable production of Irvingia wombolu. Hence the need to find the right colour fruit maturity, storage time and pre-sowing water treatment on emergence and seedling vigour parameters of bitter wild mango seeds with the aim of improving this multipurpose fruit tree species. Five maturity colour which include green, yellow, yellowish green, greenish brown and dark brown were subjected to 4 water soaking regimes (0, 12, 24 and 36 h) and 4 room temperature storage duration (0, 2, 4 and 6 weeks). Completely randomized design factorial with three replications was used. Data on seed emergence capacity, seedling length, seed vigour index (SVI), stem diameter and number of leaves were subjected to analysis of variance. Results shows that significant differences (P<0.05-P<0.01) were observed in the five quality traits observed due to differences in fruit colour, soaking time and storage time. The three- way interaction between fruit colour, soaking time and storage time were significant ((P<0.05-P<0.01) for all the characters. Dark brown fruit recorded the best in terms of emergence, seedling vigour index, stem diameter and leaf while yellow colour fruit had the best in terms of plant height. Zero-hour soaking had the highest in seedling emergence, seedling vigour index and leaf number while 12 h soaking gave the best effect in terms of plant height and stem diameter. Dark brown and yellow colour fruit of I. wombolu are recommended and short duration of soaking for 0-12 h will enhance the plant height and stem diameter.","PeriodicalId":9401,"journal":{"name":"Cameroon Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90634051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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