{"title":"La Dirección de Higiene y Seguridad del Trabajo: tensiones en torno a la delimitación de una función en el Estado peronista","authors":"M. Luciani","doi":"10.30827/DYNAMIS.V39I2.9838","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"espanolA mediados del siglo pasado, durante los gobiernos de Juan Domingo Peron (1946-1952/1952-1955), el Estado argentino atraveso profundas transformaciones. En el seno del Poder Ejecutivo, se disenaron nuevas areas de incumbencia, entre ellas la de Trabajo y Prevision, con la creacion de la Secretaria en 1943 y del Ministerio, seis anos mas tarde. La organizacion interna de esta reparticion estatal contemplo la construccion de una direccion que pretendia incidir en la definicion y control de las condiciones de seguridad e higiene en los establecimientos laborales, a cargo del Dr. Leopoldo Bard, una figura de extensa trayectoria profesional y politica. Esto represento fricciones con la Secretaria de Salud Publica por asegurar el bienestar, la salud y la productividad de los trabajadores, como parte de un objetivo mas abarcativo que buscaba desarrollar servicios sanitarios para la mayoria de la poblacion. Pero tambien significo la apelacion a saberes vinculados a la medicina del trabajo, un campo profesional de contornos poco precisos, atravesado por la relacion entre varios perfiles profesionales. Mediante el analisis de publicaciones especializadas y estatales, este trabajo propone, en primer lugar, trazar un panorama sobre la conformacion de un campo de la medicina del trabajo en la Argentina de la primera mitad del siglo XX, para luego enfocarse en algunos de los avatares de la organizacion y funcionamiento de la Direccion de Higiene y Seguridad del Trabajo del area de Trabajo y Prevision durante el primer peronismo. EnglishDuring Peron’s presidencies (1946-1952/1952-1955), the Argentinean State underwent a period of profound transformation. The Executive Power became more complex with the development of new areas of intervention, including the creation of the Secretaria de Trabajo y Prevision in 1943 and then of the Ministry six years later. The organization of this area included the construction of an approach designed to influence and control safety and health conditions in a wide range of work settings. This endeavor was led by Dr. Leopoldo Bard, a figure with considerable professional and political experience. The process created tensions with the Secretaria de Salud Publica, because both departments had an interest in the preservation of workers’ health as part of a wider strategy to develop health services for the majority of the population. It also represented the utilization of knowledge linked to occupational medicine, still a poorly-defined field in mid-20th century Argentina, in which various professions met and exchanged their expertise. Through analysis of specialist and state publications, this article first reconstructs some highlights of the process by which the field of occupational medicine was shaped during the first decades of the 20th century. It then focuses on the organization and functioning of the Direccion de Higiene y Seguridad del Trabajo of the Trabajo y Prevision area during the years of the so-called First Peronism.","PeriodicalId":50561,"journal":{"name":"Dynamis","volume":"32 1","pages":"335-355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3000,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Dynamis","FirstCategoryId":"98","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.30827/DYNAMIS.V39I2.9838","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
espanolA mediados del siglo pasado, durante los gobiernos de Juan Domingo Peron (1946-1952/1952-1955), el Estado argentino atraveso profundas transformaciones. En el seno del Poder Ejecutivo, se disenaron nuevas areas de incumbencia, entre ellas la de Trabajo y Prevision, con la creacion de la Secretaria en 1943 y del Ministerio, seis anos mas tarde. La organizacion interna de esta reparticion estatal contemplo la construccion de una direccion que pretendia incidir en la definicion y control de las condiciones de seguridad e higiene en los establecimientos laborales, a cargo del Dr. Leopoldo Bard, una figura de extensa trayectoria profesional y politica. Esto represento fricciones con la Secretaria de Salud Publica por asegurar el bienestar, la salud y la productividad de los trabajadores, como parte de un objetivo mas abarcativo que buscaba desarrollar servicios sanitarios para la mayoria de la poblacion. Pero tambien significo la apelacion a saberes vinculados a la medicina del trabajo, un campo profesional de contornos poco precisos, atravesado por la relacion entre varios perfiles profesionales. Mediante el analisis de publicaciones especializadas y estatales, este trabajo propone, en primer lugar, trazar un panorama sobre la conformacion de un campo de la medicina del trabajo en la Argentina de la primera mitad del siglo XX, para luego enfocarse en algunos de los avatares de la organizacion y funcionamiento de la Direccion de Higiene y Seguridad del Trabajo del area de Trabajo y Prevision durante el primer peronismo. EnglishDuring Peron’s presidencies (1946-1952/1952-1955), the Argentinean State underwent a period of profound transformation. The Executive Power became more complex with the development of new areas of intervention, including the creation of the Secretaria de Trabajo y Prevision in 1943 and then of the Ministry six years later. The organization of this area included the construction of an approach designed to influence and control safety and health conditions in a wide range of work settings. This endeavor was led by Dr. Leopoldo Bard, a figure with considerable professional and political experience. The process created tensions with the Secretaria de Salud Publica, because both departments had an interest in the preservation of workers’ health as part of a wider strategy to develop health services for the majority of the population. It also represented the utilization of knowledge linked to occupational medicine, still a poorly-defined field in mid-20th century Argentina, in which various professions met and exchanged their expertise. Through analysis of specialist and state publications, this article first reconstructs some highlights of the process by which the field of occupational medicine was shaped during the first decades of the 20th century. It then focuses on the organization and functioning of the Direccion de Higiene y Seguridad del Trabajo of the Trabajo y Prevision area during the years of the so-called First Peronism.
期刊介绍:
DYNAMIS is an international journal devoted to the history of medicine, health and science, founded in 1981, that pays special attention to novel and interdisciplinary historiographic perspectives. It offers original, double peer-reviewed research studies (articles, notes or documents) and reviews in languages of the European Union.