Effectiveness of altering hypercholesterolaemia without drugs: Evidence of lifestyle modifications: A narrative review

Abstract

Background: Dyslipidemia is a situation of abnormal blood lipids. It is considered as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Healthy diet is found to be effective in reducing serum cholesterol; thus, using foods that are high in components and that help in reducing cholesterol is recommended. These foods include fruits, green vegetables, avocado, almond, nuts, and fish oil. The aim was to provide an overview of existing research studies and their approaches regarding the effect of dietary and lifestyle modifications in reducing hypercholesterolemia. Materials and Methods: A search of periodical literature by the author involving dietary therapy and soybean was carried out. Items were identified initially through health-oriented indexing services such as Medline, Health STAR, and Cinahl, looking up for articles published in the English language, from 2010 to 2020. Keywords included “Cholesterol,” “Lipid,” “Dyslipidemia,” “Diet,” “and Health.”Results: Those consuming a daily average of 78g of almonds showed a reduction of LDL-cholesterol by 9.4% whereas those consuming 37g/day showed a reduction of LDL-cholesterol by 4.4%, with a significant increase in HDL levels and a decrease in lipoprotein A. It appears that the consumption of soluble fibers can promote a moderate effect in lowering cholesterol in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Studies have shown that fibers seem to act synergistically at the recommended intake dose of total fiber 25g, including 6g from soluble fibers intake. Conclusion: Dietary modification is found to be a powerful nonpharmacological approach that helps in improving blood lipids. Lipid profiles can be improved indirectly through changing the unhealth, performing physical activity, and reducing body weight.