Religion and well-being in Indonesia: exploring the role of religion in a society where being atheist is not an option

Abstract

The role and mechanism that religion plays in an individual ’ s life as suggested by many international studies might be substantially di ff erent with the one practiced in Indonesia. Studies in the United States and Europe have discovered a gradual decline of religiosity (Twenge et al., 2016). Nevertheless, Indonesians still adhere to their religious a ffi liations and consider religions to play an important role in determining their well-being (Tamir et al., 2020). While studies continue to show the positive contribution of religion to an individual ’ s well-being (i