The Study of Prevalence of Candida Species in Oral Cavity between Habitual and Non-Habitual of Gutka Chewers in Vitro Condition

Abstract

Candida albicans are the most common opportunistic pathogen and Candida yeast has drawn attention of the researcher due to the increased incidence of severe oral Candidiasis. The study reveals that more than 90% person visited in dental OPD were affected by Candida. Usually this is considered as normal oral flora but it may act as pathogen in case of weak immunity and this incidence has increased with wide spread use of corticosteroids, antibiotics and immunosuppressive drugs, these type of fungi called opportunistic pathogenic yeast. (Samarnayake L, P., 1990) Candida albicans is the dominant species to cause disease in oral cavity. Although some other Candida species are also involved such as C.glabrata, Candida dulbigenesis, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusii, Candida dubliniensis, Candida famata and Candida guillerrmondii. Among these, Candida dubliniensis is a new, recently seen species which was initially described from severe oral Candidiasis of subjects infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and it was therefore suspected to increase virulence (Hannula, 2000). Candida causes endogenous infection known as Candidiasis or oral thrush or lesions. These lesions are soft white and slightly elevated plaque frequently occurring on the buccal mucosa of tongue but may also be seen on another part of oral cavity such as on the gingival palate and floor of the mouth. In acute condition the entire oral cavity may be affected. Lesions or thrush is very common in weak immunity due to HIV infection and the patients being treated by chemotherapy or radiotherapy and it may also be seen in children due to improper developed immune system. Chronic oral Candidiasis may be denture induced stomatitis or chronic hypertrophic condition. Denture induced is due to tight fitted denture. This may prevent saliva having antimicrobial activities. In chronic hypertrophic Candidiasis, plaques remain tightly sticked usually on tongues, cheeks and lips. (Arendroff., et. al., 1979). Candida dubliniensis, which is morphologically similar to Candida albicans (show germ tubes formation and chlamydospore among other similar traits), it has now been identified (Sullivan, et. al., 1995) and is among the list of pathogens. Several medical microbiologists have ____________________________________________________________________________________________