Water Quality of Nullah Aik on Various Locations of Districts Sialkot and Gujranwala, Pakistan

Abstract

The present study focused on water quality assessment of Nullah Aik on various locations of districts Sialkot and Gujranwala, Pakistan. Samples of water from various locations of Nullah were collected in June (Pre-Monsoon) and September (post-Monsoon) in 2020. These samples were taken to the laboratory for assessment of various chemical parameters. Calcium found to be highly significant (p 0.001), total hardness, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) identified as significant (p 0.05) while other parameters i.e., total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, turbidity, Chlorine (Cl), nitrate (NO3), salinity, magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) revealed no significant (p0.05) co-relation.   The results indicated that all the parameters had significant spatio-temporal variations during June due to low rain falls which as result higher contaminant concentrations. Whereas during September there were higher flooding due to monsoon rains, consequently the contaminants were found in diluted concentrations. It is concluded that natural as well as anthropogenic factors are responsible for surface water contamination.