Effect of Laser Wavelengths on Drug Release with and without Gold Nanoshells and Magnetic Guidance on Uptake by Cancer Cells

Abstract

Nanomedicine deals with diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of diseases such as cancer and as well as control and understanding of biological systems. It is generally known that cancer treatment mainly relies on chemotherapy and radiotherapy where most anticancer drugs are essentially taken up by cells with high proliferative rate, a characteristic of cancer cells. However, normal tissue can also suffer from chemotherapeutic action, leading to undesirable side effects. To overcome these issues, strategies such as passive and active targeting have been proposed where they have a key role in nanomedicine for example in innovative controlled drug delivery and release systems that increase the bioavailability and concentration of anticancer drugs at target site [1,2]. Nanomaterials with special designs are frequently used as drug delivery systems to develop highly selective and effective diagnostic and therapeutic modalities [3,4]. Interestingly, external stimuli including electrical and magnetic fields can be utilized to suitably trigger the drug-loaded carriers to release the drug content in a controlled manner [5].