Optimal Placement and Sizing of Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources in Smart Grid

Abstract

Distributed Generators (DGs) play a key role in existing power distribution networks together with significant innovations in smart grid technology. It is now more essential to evaluate the various types of DGs within the system. Renewable energy types of DGs such as PV and wind promise low emissions and abundant availability. When it comes to the installation of DG, the size, location, and type of DG should be given high importance because improper placement of DG units leads to reducing the benefits of the distribution system and even endangers the entire system operation. If DG size exceeds a certain value limit, power loss at that bus becomes negative. This situation must be avoided. As a result, optimal DG placement aids in the reduction of losses, improvement of voltage profiles, reliability, and overall system efficiency. Considering this, in this paper, a Simultaneous Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is implemented for placement allocation and sizing of multiple types and multiple numbers of DGs in power distribution systems with the objectives of minimization of active and reactive power loss and enhanced voltage profile. Along with the meta-heuristic optimization algorithm, sensitivity techniques such as index vector, loss sensitivity factor, and voltage stability margin methods have been analysed. The outcomes are obtained using the aforementioned sensitivity-related methods on the IEEE 15, 33, 69, and 85-radial bus systems and compared with simultaneous PSO for efficacy.