Transfer of β-agonists from animal feed into Tricholoma gambosum through manure

Yunsheng Han, Tengfei Zhan, Kai Zhang, Qingyu Zhao, Xiaoqing Guo, Chaohua Tang, Junmin Zhang
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Abstract

Fungi are dependent on animal manure as a cultivation medium and may be vulnerable to feed-derived β-agonist contamination. To test whether β-agonists incorporated in animal feed can transport into fungi through manure, a greenhouse study was conducted with Tricholoma gambosum grown in a culture medium amended with medicated cattle manure. Cattle were orally administrated with a single (ractopamine, 670.0 μg/kg BW/day) or a mixture of β-agonists (clenbuterol, ractopamine, and salbutamol at the doses of 5.3, 223.3, and 50.0 μg/kg BW/day, respectively) for 28 days. Three batches of T. gambosum were harvested. A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry-based method was developed to quantify the number of β-agonists taken up by T. gambosum from animal manure. The analytical recoveries for β-agonists were between 66.61% and 91.78% with relative standard deviations between 1.70% and 12.18%, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.3 ng/g. The ractopamine residues in T. gambosum from batch 1 were 1.3 ng/g and were below the LOQ in batches 2 and 3 in the single treatment group. In the mixed treatment group, ractopamine concentrations were 0.42 and 0.50 ng/g in batches 1 and 2, respectively, and the salbutamol concentration was 1.94 ng/g in batch 1, while clenbuterol was undetectable in all three batches. These results indicated that the β-agonists transferred to T. gambosum in trace amounts and presented a limited risk to consumers.

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β -激动剂从动物饲料通过粪便进入鼠口蘑的转移
真菌依赖于动物粪便作为培养基,可能容易受到饲料来源的β激动剂污染。为了测试动物饲料中的β -激动剂是否可以通过粪便转运到真菌中,我们在温室中对黄鼠口蘑进行了一项研究,该研究在添加了药牛粪的培养基中进行。牛分别口服单剂(莱克多巴胺,670.0 μg/kg体重/天)或β受体激动剂(克仑特罗、莱克多巴胺和沙丁胺醇的混合物,剂量分别为5.3、223.3和50.0 μg/kg体重/天),连续28天。收获了三批鼠黄藤。建立了一种基于液相色谱串联质谱法的定量方法,用于定量动物粪便中鼠脑绦虫吸收β -激动剂的数量。β -激动剂的分析回收率为66.61% ~ 91.78%,相对标准偏差为1.70% ~ 12.18%,定量限为0.3 ng/g。单处理组第1批鼠脑中的莱克多巴胺残留量为1.3 ng/g,第2批和第3批鼠脑中的莱克多巴胺残留量均低于定量限。混合处理组第1批和第2批莱克多巴胺浓度分别为0.42和0.50 ng/g,第1批沙丁胺醇浓度为1.94 ng/g,而三批盐酸克仑特罗均未检出。这些结果表明β -激动剂以微量转移到鼠貂身上,对消费者的风险有限。
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