Post-pyrogenic transformation of biogeochemical properties of grey forest soils under technological load

Y. Buts, O. Kraynyuk, P. Lotsman, Y. Senchykhin
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Abstract

Purpose. Detection of post-pyrogenic transformation of biogeochemical properties of soils in pine forests of the Kharkiv region under technogenic loading. Methods. Determination of the pH of the water extract by the potentiometric method, the content of humus and gross nitrogen according to the Tyurin method, the granulometric composition according to Kachynskyi, the mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium according to Machigin. The content of mobile forms of heavy metals was determined by the atomic absorption method. Results. There is a certain dependence of the post-pyrogenic transformation on the age of fire impact on the soil. Relatively recent consequences of a fire of medium intensity on the soil were marked by a clear reaction of the complex of their properties. Physical-chemical properties of soils in the post-fire period deteriorate due to a significant decrease in the amount of nutrients in the soil: humus burns, nitrate nitrogen content decreases. The acid-alkaline reaction according to the pH index in the soils affected by fires shifts to neutral, which should be explained by the saturation of the absorbing complex of soils with alkaline earth elements. Forest lowland fires significantly transform the morphological appearance of the upper part of the soil profile. Under the influence of fires, there are changes in pH, the content of exchangeable cations, gross and mobile forms of nitrogen, etc. The behavior and content of heavy metals in the forest floor is determined, in addition to the effect of fire and the geochemical state of the region, the speed of water migration and biological absorption, and the topography of the area. The concentration of heavy metals in the surface horizons of the soils of pine forests increases several times and exceeds the background concentrations as a result of the mineralization of the forest floor and grassy vegetation from combustion and subsequent migration of chemical elements. Conclusions. As a result, the surface horizons of soils change, in particular, a new pyrogenic horizon is formed, which differs in a certain way from natural analogues. Fires, on the one hand, improve the conditions for seed penetration into the soil, but worsen the conditions for the germination, growth and development of coniferous tree species. The concentration of heavy metals in the surface horizons of pine forest soils is an ecological hazard. Further research on the transformation of soil properties under the influence of pyrogenic factors is of significant theoretical and practical importance in the development of scientific approaches to the restoration of ecosystems in the post-fire stage of development.
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技术负荷下灰色森林土壤生物地球化学性质的热生后转化
目的。技术负荷下哈尔科夫地区松林土壤生物地球化学性质热生后转化的检测用电位法测定水提物的pH值,用秋林法测定腐殖质和总氮的含量,用卡钦斯基法测定颗粒组成,用马契金法测定磷和钾的流动形态。用原子吸收法测定了样品中重金属的流动形态。火对土壤的影响年龄对热原后转化有一定的依赖性。一场中等强度的火灾对土壤造成的相对较近的影响,其特征是土壤性质复合体的明显反应。火灾后土壤的理化性质恶化,主要是由于土壤中养分含量显著减少:腐殖质燃烧,硝态氮含量下降。火灾影响下土壤的酸碱反应由pH值向中性转变,这可能与土壤中碱性元素的吸收复合物饱和有关。森林低地火灾显著改变了土壤剖面上部的形态形态。在火灾的影响下,土壤的pH值、交换阳离子含量、氮的总量和流动形态等都发生了变化。除了火灾的影响和该地区的地球化学状态、水迁移和生物吸收的速度以及该地区的地形外,还确定了森林地面重金属的行为和含量。松林土壤表层重金属浓度增加数倍,超过背景浓度,这是由于燃烧引起的森林地面和草地植被的矿化以及随后化学元素的迁移。因此,土壤的表面层位发生了变化,特别是形成了一个新的热成因层位,这与自然类似物有一定的区别。火灾一方面改善了种子进入土壤的条件,但同时也恶化了针叶树的发芽、生长和发育条件。松林土壤表层的重金属浓度是一种生态危害。进一步研究热原因子影响下土壤性质的变化,对于建立火灾后生态系统恢复的科学方法具有重要的理论和实践意义。
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