The Identity of the Canary Islands: A Critical Analysis of Colonial Cartography

Abstract

The Canary Islands is a non-sovereign archipelago that has been incorporated into the Spanish Kingdom since the 14th Century. These islands, located 100 kilometres off the northwest coast of Africa and some 1000km from the Spanish peninsular, have been subject to malleable and often distorted representations in different official maps, which have often not reflected the geographical reality of the archipelagic territory. This article investigates the extent to which aspects of colonial history, such as cartography (the spatial element), the precolonial past (the element of historical consciousness) and/or new categorisation as a "European ultraperiphery" (the rhetorical element) have affected the socio-political identity of the Canary Islands. The latter aspects have created an identity characterised by a lack of consciousness of the islands’ most obvious characteristic of their being an (offshore) territory of the African continent. Canarian society has thereby lost its “spatial latitude” (ie an African geographical reality) in favor of a “cognitive latitude” (ie its imagination as an extension of Europe).