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Fluid Ecologies, Sovereignty, and Colonialism: Princely contestations over riverine islands in colonial India 流体生态、主权和殖民主义:印度殖民时期关于河流岛屿的王公之争
Q4 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-10-29 DOI: 10.21463/shima.208
Mahendranath Sudhindranath, John Lourdusamy
This article analyses the disputes over riverine islands between two princely states in colonial southern India in the 19th and early 20th centuries. These disputes arose because of changes in the islands’ landmass caused by water movements. Such tidal temporalities challenged cartographic rigidities and the established notions of sovereignty of states. What were assumed to be sovereign, undisputed and infallible were unsettled by such hydrological power and the fluid ecologies involved. A set of challenges emanated from external concepts arising from colonialism which undermined the native geographical understanding of the land-water continuum due to the monetisation of land. This article makes a critical appraisal of this double challenge to the traditional understanding of fluid ecologies while also highlighting the counter challenges from the princely states. These contests were particularly pronounced as the princely states had considerable autonomy in internal matters of administration and thus differed from the rest of the colonial territory directly ruled by the British in India. The article contributes to the study of riverine islands by investigating the nature and fluidity of shifting islands, whose variation in temporal contexts has been barely acknowledged in Island Studies to date.
本文分析了19世纪和20世纪初殖民时期印度南部两个土邦之间关于河流岛屿的争端。这些争端是由于海水运动引起岛屿陆地的变化而引起的。这种潮汐时间性挑战了制图的僵化和国家主权的既定概念。被认为是主权的、无可争议的和绝对正确的东西,被这种水文力量和所涉及的流体生态所动摇。一系列挑战来自殖民主义产生的外部概念,由于土地货币化,这些概念破坏了当地对土地-水连续体的地理理解。本文对流体生态学的传统认识面临的双重挑战进行了批判性评价,同时也强调了来自君主国家的反挑战。这些竞争尤其明显,因为这些土邦在内部管理事务上拥有相当大的自主权,因此与英国在印度直接统治的其他殖民地领土不同。本文通过调查移动岛屿的性质和流动性,为河流岛屿的研究做出了贡献,这些岛屿在时间背景下的变化在迄今为止的岛屿研究中几乎没有得到承认。
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引用次数: 0
Melting in the Daylight: The Asrai’s emergence in modern myth 在日光下融化:阿斯雷人在现代神话中的出现
Q4 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-10-29 DOI: 10.21463/shima.198
Sarah Allison
The Asrai is a nocturnal fairy popularly attributed to British folklore, most memorable for the fact that any exposure to sunlight will cause it to melt into water. Rather than developing from oral folk tradition, like most legendary creatures, the Asrai may have originated and evolved through literary sources, beginning with the poetry of the Scottish author Robert Buchanan in the 1870s. Since appearing in a folklore account of uncertain provenance in 1970, the Asrai has come into use as a fantasy creature with international spread, developing in a dialogue between print media and the Internet.
Asrai是英国民间传说中的夜行仙女,最令人难忘的是任何暴露在阳光下都会使它融化成水。不像大多数传说中的生物那样是从口头民间传统发展而来的,Asrai可能是通过文学来源起源和发展的,从19世纪70年代苏格兰作家罗伯特·布坎南的诗歌开始。自1970年出现在一个来历不明的民间传说中以来,阿斯雷已经作为一种奇幻生物在国际上传播开来,在印刷媒体和互联网之间的对话中发展起来。
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引用次数: 0
Fluctuating Currents: Balancing urban growth and restoring native riverine synergies in Mumbai — the case of Dahisar River 波动的水流:平衡城市增长和恢复孟买本地河流的协同作用——以达希萨尔河为例
Q4 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-10-29 DOI: 10.21463/shima.203
Ajay Nayak, Kimaya Keluskar, Vikram Pawar
In 1690 CE, a transformation was initiated by the British East India Company on the seven islands along India's western coast. These islands, once primarily Portuguese territories featuring indigenous communities deeply intertwined with rich ecological and cultural histories spanning millennia, underwent a gradual metamorphosis into the major metropolis known as 'Bombay,' a trajectory that persists today in its rebranded identity as 'Mumbai.' This article delves into how the commonly accepted imaginations of urban utopia progressively turned away from the perceived stagnant waters of rivers and estuaries that, in reality, served as vital coastal ecological buffers. The expansion of Mumbai city propelled its citizens, particularly marginalised low-income groups and traditional settlement inhabitants, towards the outskirts where vestiges of natural ecosystems endure. This shift granted them rudimentary necessities such as water and outdoor spaces, including prospects for agriculture. The convergence of socially vulnerable communities with ecologically delicate zones frequently led to heightened intricacies and debilitation, placing immense stress on both the city's ecological and social resources. This article centres on the examination of urban rivers, using the Dahisar River, a representative seasonal watercourse in Mumbai, as a focal point. Through this exploration, it seeks to scrutinise the multifaceted networks intertwined with Mumbai's river systems, emphasising the urgency of recalibrating perceptions of rivers in Indian urban landscapes. The study also reflects upon the tumultuous socio-political dynamics of the city, involving governing bodies, indigenous stewards, urban residents, and industries. Amid the array of potential solutions, technical and ecological facets often take a backseat to the socio-political determination required to adopt a more ecologically conscious stance. Nonetheless, optimism persists, as climate change mitigation and urban well-being emerge as entrepreneurial prospects for the nation's economic hub. The national leadership aims to position itself as a catalyst for change, aligning with global ecological narratives on the political stage.
公元1690年,英国东印度公司在印度西海岸的七个岛屿上发起了一场变革。这些岛屿曾经主要是葡萄牙的领土,其土著社区与数千年来丰富的生态和文化历史紧密相连,经历了逐渐的蜕变,成为被称为“孟买”的大都市,这一轨迹今天仍在其重新命名为“孟买”。这篇文章深入探讨了人们对城市乌托邦的普遍想象是如何逐渐远离河流和河口的死水的,而这些死水实际上是至关重要的沿海生态缓冲区。孟买城市的扩张促使其市民,特别是边缘化的低收入群体和传统的定居点居民,向自然生态系统遗迹保存的郊区迁移。这种转变为他们提供了基本的必需品,如水和户外空间,包括农业的前景。社会脆弱社区与生态脆弱地区的融合往往导致复杂性和衰弱程度的加剧,给城市的生态和社会资源带来巨大压力。本文以孟买代表性的季节性河道达希萨尔河(Dahisar River)为中心,对城市河流进行了考察。通过这一探索,它试图仔细审视与孟买河流系统交织在一起的多方面网络,强调在印度城市景观中重新校准河流观念的紧迫性。该研究还反映了城市动荡的社会政治动态,涉及管理机构、土著管理人员、城市居民和工业。在一系列可能的解决办法中,技术和生态方面往往让位于采取更有生态意识立场所需的社会政治决心。尽管如此,乐观情绪依然存在,因为减缓气候变化和城市福祉成为美国经济中心的创业前景。国家领导层的目标是将自己定位为变革的催化剂,与政治舞台上的全球生态叙事保持一致。
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引用次数: 0
Terracentric Visions and the Domestication of Aquatic Spaces: A case study of fishers’ huts in the Venetian and Caorle lagoons 以地为中心的视觉与水生空间的驯化:威尼斯和卡勒泻湖渔民小屋的案例研究
Q4 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-10-29 DOI: 10.21463/shima.200
Rita Vianello
This article aims to reconstruct the origins and evolution of the different types of fishing huts, commonly called casoni, which are widespread in Italy in the lagoon areas of the Upper Adriatic. The focus is on the role played by the casoni in the domestication of these lagoon spaces and on their evolution towards patrimonialisation. The first part of the article analyses the polysemic nature of the concept of aquatic space and proposes insights into different viewpoints and perceptions: from the terracentric vision to the recognition of indigenous knowledge; from the sphere of emotion, to the legislative arena. The second part argues how, in recent years, this emblematic example of human adaptation to a potentially hazradous space is evolving towards a new phase. In a period characterised by a crisis in the fishing sector, the simple fishers’ huts are gradually being transformed into tourist facilities. Paradoxically, this element of the local cultural landscape owes its survival to the 'marketing of tradition' often carried out personally by the fishers who have transformed themselves into tourism operators.
本文旨在重建不同类型的捕鱼小屋的起源和演变,通常被称为卡索尼,在意大利广泛分布在上亚得里亚海的泻湖地区。重点是casoni在这些泻湖空间的驯化过程中所扮演的角色,以及它们向世袭化的演变。文章的第一部分分析了水空间概念的多义性,并提出了不同的观点和认知:从地心视野到对本土知识的认识;从情感领域,到立法领域。第二部分论述了近年来,这个人类适应潜在危险空间的标志性例子是如何发展到一个新阶段的。在一个以渔业部门危机为特征的时期,简单的渔民小屋正逐渐被改造成旅游设施。矛盾的是,当地文化景观的这一元素之所以能幸存下来,要归功于“传统营销”,而这些传统营销通常是由渔民亲自实施的,他们已经转变为旅游经营者。
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引用次数: 0
The Infilling and Reclamation of Inland Waterways in Tokyo, 1945–1962 东京内河航道填筑与填海,1945-1962
Q4 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-10-29 DOI: 10.21463/shima.177
Junichi Hasegawa
As part of their reconstruction of the city following Allied bombing during World War II, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government infilled medium to small inland waterways (namely, canals and moats constructed during the 17th century) and utilised the resultant terrestrial strips for new purposes. Wartime damage reconstruction was conducted as part of the official city planning of Tokyo. During the 1940s, various waterways in Tokyo were infilled primarily with debris resulting from wartime bombing and, thereby, these landfills presented a model for the disposal of debris from disasters. In Japan, 115 municipalities were designated as war-damaged cities by the government, whose reconstruction was conducted as official city planning. The article examines how common the disposal of wartime debris via the in-filling of inland waterways was. The in-filling of Tokyo’s inland waterways caused the loss of watery spaces that are nowadays regarded as cultural heritage assets with recreational potential. Studies have either criticised the infilling of waterways or else underscored opposition to the activity. How then was it possible for the authorities to decide on infilling and land reclamation as city planning? Was there any social support for this project? Relatedly, should the decision by the metropolitan government to infill inland waterways be regarded as inappropriate? This article considers these questions and evaluates the modification of such areas after WWII.
作为二战期间盟军轰炸后重建城市的一部分,东京都政府填满了中小型内河水道(即17世纪建造的运河和护城河),并将由此产生的陆地带用于新的目的。战时破坏重建是东京官方城市规划的一部分。在20世纪40年代,东京的各种水道主要被战时轰炸造成的碎片所填满,因此,这些垃圾填埋场提供了一种处理灾难碎片的模式。在日本,115个城市被政府指定为受战争破坏的城市,并以官方城市规划的形式进行重建。这篇文章考察了通过内陆水道填埋来处理战时垃圾的常见程度。东京内陆水道的填埋造成了水空间的流失,这些水空间如今被视为具有娱乐潜力的文化遗产资产。研究要么批评填满水道,要么强调反对这项活动。那么,当局怎么可能决定把填土和土地复垦作为城市规划呢?这个项目有没有得到社会的支持?与此相关,市政府填平内河航道的决定是否应该被视为不恰当?本文对这些问题进行了思考,并对二战后这些地区的变化进行了评价。
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引用次数: 0
River Reach: Chicagoland, riverine reflections and settler harm-reduction poetry 河流到达:芝加哥,河流反思和定居者减少伤害的诗歌
Q4 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-10-29 DOI: 10.21463/shima.207
Rebecca Fiala
Both case report and epic, ‘River Reach’ is an exploratory anamnesis that presents a metamodern embodied reflection of systems entanglement – exposing attunements to and longings for a place-based riverine kinship capable of addressing a national heritage of displacements, immigrations, and enslavement. To improve state compliance with the US Clean Water Act, Graue Mill dam on Salt Creek at Fullersburg Woods (Oak Brook, IL) will be removed in coming months for creek restoration and re-realignment, creating a point of collision and potential among pasts and futures. ‘River Reach’ is a hyperlocal example of a practical, approachable step toward decolonial poetry and community – examining the insularities and permeabilities of whiteness while encouraging personal, deliberate engagement in the preparatory work required for recalibrating national identity cooperatively. As a centering poem for settler harm reduction and an adjunctive tool for collective action, the piece invites participants into a mimetic rehabitation of relationship through nature. ‘River Reach’ may be performed collectively in collaboration with movement, audiovisual elements, and facilitated reader/audience participation.
无论是案例报告还是史诗,《河源》都是一种探索性的回顾,呈现了一种对系统纠缠的元现代具体反映——揭示了对基于地方的河流亲属关系的调和和渴望,这种亲属关系能够解决流离失所、移民和奴役的国家遗产。为了提高州对美国《清洁水法》的遵守程度,富勒斯堡伍兹(伊利诺伊州奥克布鲁克)盐溪上的格劳格米尔大坝将在未来几个月内被拆除,以恢复和重新调整小溪,在过去和未来之间创造一个碰撞点和潜力。《河湾》是一个非常本土化的例子,它是走向非殖民化诗歌和社区的一个实际的、平易近人的步骤——审视白人的狭隘性和渗透性,同时鼓励个人有意识地参与到重新校准国家身份所需的准备工作中。作为一首减少定居者伤害的中心诗和集体行动的辅助工具,作品邀请参与者通过自然模拟关系的重建。“河源”可以与运动、视听元素合作进行集体表演,并促进读者/观众的参与。
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引用次数: 0
The Recovery of Disused Waterways as Blue Corridors: The Battaglia Canal between Padua and the Venetian Lagoon 废弃水道作为蓝色走廊的恢复:帕多瓦和威尼斯泻湖之间的巴塔利亚运河
Q4 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-10-29 DOI: 10.21463/shima.209
Lisa Zecchin
The management of surface freshwater bodies can be considered one of the most important issues affecting the quality of living spaces in the industrialised world. Today's awareness of the importance of sustainable water management includes the artificial canals built over centuries to meet multiple and different needs. The development of railways in the 19th century and the extraordinary spread of road transport after World War II led to the steady abandonment of historic canals all over Europe and the consequent deterioration of their water quality and corridor spaces. This deterioration, in turn, led to socio-cultural conflicts over the spaces and the necessity/desirability of maintaining them in the late 20th century. In recent years the benefits provided by blue-green infrastructure in terms of biodiversity, new socio-economical opportunities and the improvement of the well-being and mental health of their users has been acknowledged by scholars and policy makers in the European Union and elsewhere. The article analyses the territorialisation of the Battaglia Canal in Italy’s northwestern Veneto region, between Padua (Padova) and the Venetian Lagoon and its broader canalscape that has resulted from different adminsitrative and planning processes and the manner in which changes in socio-environmental perceptions has influenced approaches to managing the canal. Building on this, the article raises issues concerning the management of the canal and proposes some perspectives for a multifunctional recovery and a sustainable valourisation of it as a social and environmental asset.
对地表淡水水体的管理可以被认为是影响工业化世界生活空间质量的最重要问题之一。今天对可持续水资源管理重要性的认识包括几个世纪以来为满足多种不同需求而建造的人工运河。19世纪铁路的发展和第二次世界大战后公路运输的广泛普及导致整个欧洲历史悠久的运河不断被废弃,随之而来的是水质和走廊空间的恶化。这种退化反过来又导致了20世纪后期在空间和维护它们的必要性/可取性方面的社会文化冲突。近年来,蓝绿色基础设施在生物多样性、新的社会经济机会以及改善其使用者的福祉和心理健康方面所提供的好处已得到欧洲联盟和其他地方的学者和决策者的承认。本文分析了意大利西北部威尼托地区的巴塔利亚运河的领土化,位于帕多瓦(Padova)和威尼斯泻湖之间,其更广阔的景观是由不同的行政和规划过程以及社会环境观念变化影响运河管理方法的方式造成的。在此基础上,本文提出了有关运河管理的问题,并提出了一些关于运河作为社会和环境资产的多功能恢复和可持续增值的观点。
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引用次数: 0
Sarah A. Rich & Peter B. Campbell (Eds.), Contemporary Philosophy for Maritime Archaeology: Flat Ontologies, Oceanic Thought, and the Anthropocene (2022). 莎拉·a·里奇彼得B.坎贝尔(编),当代海洋考古哲学:平面本体论,海洋思想,和人类世(2022)。
Q4 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-10-29 DOI: 10.21463/shima.201
Mari Yamasaki
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引用次数: 0
Lagoon Wanderings: Boat hydro-perspectivism in the aquapelagic assemblage of the Venetian Lagoon 泻湖漫游:威尼斯泻湖水层组合中的船水透视主义
Q4 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-10-29 DOI: 10.21463/shima.199
Petra Codato
In this article I conduct the reader along a journey that follows different waterways within the Venetian lagoon and provides insights into the water-land interactions of this unique aquapelagic assemblage. Leveraging the methodological tool of hydro-perspectivism, I situate the analytical standpoint within two very different kinds of boat: the vaporetto (a local waterbus) and the kayak. The first, native to the lagoon, gives voice to a sample of the massive population of tourists that constantly crowds the lagoon’s islands and waters. Navigating the congested waterways leading from the Lido littoral to Venice’s historical centre, I raise issues such as over-tourism, water quality, and wave motion. Shifting the perspective to the kayak, a type of boat that originates in Inuit culture and is perfectly suited to the lagoon's shallow waters, the article then investigates the potentialities of analysing from the water’s edge, considering other serious problems of the Venetian aquapelago, such as pollution and hydro-morphological alterations. In conclusion, I argue that by conceiving the boat as not only as a means of transport but also as a means of acquiring and formulating knowledge, it is possible to revitalise hydrophilic feelings and thus the precious aquapelagic identity of Venice’s lagoon that has been in decline over the last century.
在这篇文章中,我带领读者沿着威尼斯泻湖内不同的水道旅行,并提供了对这种独特的水-陆相互作用的见解。利用水文透视主义的方法论工具,我将分析立场置于两种非常不同的船中:汽船(当地的水上巴士)和皮艇。第一种是泻湖的原生物种,它代表了不断涌入泻湖岛屿和水域的大量游客的样本。在从丽都海滨通往威尼斯历史中心的拥挤水道中航行时,我提出了过度旅游、水质和波浪运动等问题。文章将视角转移到皮艇上,皮艇是一种起源于因纽特文化的船只,非常适合泻湖的浅水区,然后研究了从水边进行分析的可能性,考虑到威尼斯aquapelago的其他严重问题,如污染和水文形态变化。总之,我认为,通过将船不仅作为一种交通工具,而且作为一种获取和形成知识的手段,有可能重振亲水的感觉,从而恢复威尼斯泻湖在上个世纪一直在下降的宝贵的水上景观身份。
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引用次数: 0
Water Narratives: Exploring the convergence of the Canal du Midi and its coastal landscape 水的叙事:探索米迪运河及其海岸景观的融合
Q4 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-10-29 DOI: 10.21463/shima.202
Pingyao Sun, Inge Bobbink, Amina Chouairi
Considering ‘infrastructures as landscapes’ and ‘landscapes as infrastructures’, this article uses an open framework to reconsider the distinctive water infrastructure of France’s UNESCO-listed heritage Canal du Midi. More specifically, it profiles the Canal’s Mediterranean outlet. Viewed through a landscape architectonic lens, we investigate the canal, drawing on the theory of landscape narrative and using the illustrative method. The article identifies three crucial narratives – infrastructural, natural & environmental and social & cultural – that help to examine the spatial values of the Canal and its relationship with its southern coastal landscape. The study shows how the Canal du Midi has been transformed and has influenced its surroundings, becoming an integral part of the coastal landscape. We identify and analyse how the Canal functions as an infrastructure composition and an environmentally and culturally significant feature. The landscape narrative framework offers the possibility of sharpening the interpretation of water infrastructures beyond conventional problem-solving approaches by providing a holistic view of the Canal and its water landscapes. This, in turn, offers inspiration for the region's future development, which presently prioritises the preservation of the Canal du Midi and the regeneration of the surrounding area as distinct projects.
考虑到“基础设施即景观”和“景观即基础设施”,本文使用一个开放的框架来重新考虑法国被联合国教科文组织列为遗产的米迪运河独特的水利基础设施。更具体地说,它描绘了运河在地中海的出口。通过景观建筑学的视角,我们借鉴景观叙事理论,运用说明性的方法来研究运河。文章确定了三个关键的叙述-基础设施,自然和;环境和社会;这有助于研究运河的空间价值及其与南部沿海景观的关系。该研究展示了米迪运河是如何被改造的,并影响了周围的环境,成为沿海景观的一个组成部分。我们确定并分析了运河作为基础设施组成和环境和文化重要特征的功能。景观叙事框架通过提供运河及其水景的整体视图,提供了超越传统解决问题方法的对水基础设施的锐化解释的可能性。这反过来又为该地区的未来发展提供了灵感,该地区目前优先考虑的是米迪运河的保护和周边地区的再生,这是两个不同的项目。
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引用次数: 0
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Shima-The International Journal of Research into Island Cultures
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