Systematic Review: Effect of Strangle on Health of Equine Animals and its Prevention

Abstract

Strangle is an infectious and highly contagious respiratory disease of equine which have great impact on the health of equnines. It is caused by streptococcus equi sub sp. equi, a gram positive bacterium in irregular shaped cocci that forms long chain. Strangles occurs worldwide mostly in horses and rarely in donkey and mules. The outbreak of strangle is frequently seen on racing stable, riding and breeding farms when the infection is introduced by new arrivals that are often carrier. Strangle disease affects mostly young horses and outbreak can occur at any time of the year but, most likely to happen in cold weather. The severity of the clinical presentation depends on age, previous infections, vaccination and stabling conditions. Strangle can be transmitted to other equine animals buy direct and in direct ways. The causative agent of strangle, S. equi var equi have great variety of virulence factors that interact with host tissues and components, and favour bacteria colonization and growth. The pathogenesis of strangle disease is begin with nasopharyngeal infection with S. equi var equi follows contact with a shedding carrier horse. The after the bacteria begin to multiply in lymph nodes.