The impact of sustainable aviation fuels on aircraft fuel line ice formation and pump performance

J. Ugbeh-Johnson, M. Carpenter
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Abstract

With the aviation industry facing increasing environmental and energy challenges, there has been a growing demand for sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). Previous studies have shown the role of ice accretion, release and blockage in aviation-related incidents and accidents with conventional jet fuel. However, there is no available data that establishes the magnitude of influence new fuel compositions will pose on ice formation and accretion in aircraft fuel systems. A recirculating fuel test rig capable of cooling fuel from ambient to −30°C within 4h was built by Airbus to simulate conditions in an aircraft wing tank and allow characterisation of ice accretion. The key characteristic was the pressure drop across an inline fuel strainer for the different SAF explored but visual analysis of ice accretion on the strainer mesh (filters used in protecting fuel feed pumps) was also performed for individual experimental runs for comparison. Measurements revealed that 100% conventional fuel exhibited a higher propensity to strainer blockage compared to the SAF tested. However, all SAF blends behaved differently as the blending ratio with Jet A-1 fuel had an impact on the pressure differential at different temperatures. Data from this work are essential to establish confidence in the safe operation of future aircraft fuel systems that will potentially be compatible with 100 % SAF.
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可持续航空燃料对飞机燃油管路结冰和泵性能的影响
随着航空业面临越来越多的环境和能源挑战,对可持续航空燃料(SAF)的需求不断增长。以前的研究已经表明,冰的增加、释放和堵塞在与航空有关的事件和常规喷气燃料事故中的作用。然而,没有可用的数据确定新的燃料成分对飞机燃料系统中冰的形成和积聚的影响程度。空中客车公司建造了一个能够在4小时内将燃料从环境温度冷却到- 30°C的再循环燃料试验台,以模拟飞机机翼油箱中的条件,并允许表征冰的增加。研究的关键特征是不同SAF的内联燃油滤网的压降,但也对滤网(用于保护燃油泵的滤网)上的冰增积进行了可视化分析,以进行单独实验运行的比较。测量结果显示,与SAF测试相比,100%传统燃料表现出更高的过滤器堵塞倾向。然而,由于与Jet A-1燃料的混合比例对不同温度下压差的影响,所有SAF共混物表现不同。这项工作的数据对于建立对未来飞机燃料系统安全运行的信心至关重要,这些系统可能与100% SAF兼容。
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