Environmental and Social Risk Factors in Depression

Katherine Sanchez, E. P. Sánchez
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

An understanding of the social and environmental factors that contribute to risk for developing depression is important for illustrating the potential for primary prevention and identification of target groups and social contexts. The social determinants are thought to impact health indirectly through mechanisms such as stress associated with low socioeconomic status, experiences of disempowerment and violence, hopelessness, helplessness, and income insecurity. They impact health more directly through reduced access to health services for physical and mental health problems. Evidence from neurobiology and epidemiology suggests that early life stress and related adverse experiences cause enduring brain dysfunction and are a significant risk factor for the development and prevalence of a wide range of health problems throughout a person’s lifespan, including substance misuse/abuse, depression, and obesity. The practicing psychiatrist will be a better clinician by delivering evidence-based clinical care that is informed by individuals’ burden of social and environmental factors and by understanding and, in some instances, advocating for policies that can ease the burden of social determinants on populations.
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抑郁症的环境和社会风险因素
了解导致患抑郁症风险的社会和环境因素对于阐明初级预防和确定目标群体和社会背景的潜力非常重要。人们认为,社会决定因素通过与低社会经济地位、丧失权能和暴力经历、绝望、无助和收入不安全等相关的压力等机制间接影响健康。它们通过减少获得针对身心健康问题的保健服务的机会,更直接地影响健康。来自神经生物学和流行病学的证据表明,早期生活压力和相关的不良经历会导致持久的大脑功能障碍,并且是一个人一生中各种健康问题(包括药物滥用/滥用、抑郁和肥胖)发展和流行的重要风险因素。通过提供基于证据的临床护理,通过了解个人的社会和环境因素负担,通过理解并在某些情况下倡导能够减轻社会决定因素对人群负担的政策,执业精神科医生将成为更好的临床医生。
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