Estrus Synchronization and Artificial Insemination in Goats

Abstract

Goats are small ruminants found worldwide. They provide humans with meat, milk and skin. In many rural communities, goats serve as a store of economic value and are used in cultural celebration. The world population in rapidly growing and is predicted to reach 9.6 billion by 2050. Human population explosion will exert immense pressure on the availability of food resources. Goats provide an excellent source of food to feed the world growing population. In order to increase goat population, advanced reproductive biotechnologies must be employed. These methods include and it not limited to estrus synchronization artificial insemination. Estrus synchronization is achieved by manipulation of the estrous cycle using exogenous hormones such as progestagens, gonadotrophins, and prostaglandins. Artificial insemination can be described as all the processes involved in semen collection from a male, evaluation, processing, and eventual deposition in the vaginal of a suitable female to cause conception. Adequate knowledge about male and female reproductive anatomy and physiology is critical to the application and success of reproductive biotechnology in goat reproduction.