Evaluation of cardiovascular disease risk factors among diabetic patients with hypertension in Messelata region, Libya

Abstract

Background Type diabetes mellitus T DM patients generally carry several risk factors for cardiovascular disease CVD including hyperglycemia abnormal lipid profiles as well as other lsquo nontraditional rsquo risk factors many of which may be closely associated with insulin resistance Diabetes increases the risk of hypertension HTN due to its negative action on the arteries which predisposes the narrowing of them and leads to hypertension Hypertension is a strong risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease heart failure and microvascular complications nbsp Objectives This study aims to evaluate the risk factors for cardiovascular disease in T DM patients with and without hypertension in the Messelata region nbsp Materials and methods This study included diabetics with and without high blood pressure and healthy subjects of both sexes males and females in all groups attending the Messelata Central Hospital The participants blood pressure was measured in all groups and age gender were recorded for all study subjects ml of venous blood was drawn to measure the levels of glucose FBS hemoglobin HbA c and total cholesterol TC triglycerides TG HDL C LDL C and VLDL nbsp Results The body mass index BMI gt kg m was of females and males with diabetes of females and males with diabetes and hypertension Family history of diabetes was and of female patients with diabetes and females and males diabetes and hypertension respectively Serum LDL levels were abnormal in of diabetic HTN females diabetic females diabetic males and diabetic HTN males respectively Serum HDL levels were abnormal in and of diabetic HTN males and females diabetic males and diabetic females respectively Serum cholesterol levels were abnormal in and of diabetic HTN females diabetic females diabetic males and diabetic HTN males respectively In addition serum triglycerides were abnormal in and of diabetic HTN females diabetic males and females and diabetic HTN males respectively Serum total cholesterol concentration and low density lipoprotein concentration were a significant P lt increase in males and females diabetic patients compared with controls Serum total cholesterol triglycerides LDL and VLDL concentrations were significantly P lt increased in females diabetic HTN compared with control females The present study showed that HDL concentration was significantly P lt decreased in males diabetic HTN compared with control females nbsp Conclusion It can be concluded that the results showed significant changes in most of the parameters in diabetic patients with and without hypertension compared to healthy subjects Most of these changes were more pronounced in diabetics with hypertension patients than diabetic patients only Therefore Diabetic and hypertensive patients need measurement of blood pressure and lipid profile at regular intervals throughout their primary health care to prevent CVD and stroke All patients with T DM patients with and without hypertension must be started on primary prevention by health education aggressive lifestyle changes such as weight reduction and physical exercise to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis