Spatiotemporal Patterns of San Joaquin Kit Foxes and an Urban Canid Guild

IF 0.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Western North American Naturalist Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI:10.3398/064.082.0103
Nicole A. Deatherage, B. Cypher, Tory L. Westall, Erica C. Kelly
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Abstract. The federally endangered and California State–threatened San Joaquin kit fox (Vulpes macrotis mutica) forms an ecological guild with coyotes (Canis latrans), red foxes (V. vulpes), gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), and domestic dogs (C. familiaris) in the city of Bakersfield, California, USA. Where these species are sympatric in natural environments, interference competition occurs, resulting in spatiotemporal avoidance or changes in behavior to avoid conflict. We analyzed camera survey data from 2015 to 2019 from 111 1-km2 grid cells throughout Bakersfield to investigate spatial associations between San Joaquin kit foxes and canid competitors, as well as differences in temporal activity of kit foxes in the presence of a canid competitor. We found that kit foxes typically did not occur with other canids on a daily, yearly, or 5-year scale. In cells where other canids were immediately present, kit foxes altered their temporal activity to avoid other canids by appearing 3 h later and exhibited less variance in the amount of time spent at a camera trap. Thus, although kit foxes share the urban habitat with multiple larger competitors, they likely use spatial and temporal partitioning to reduce risk and facilitate coexistence.
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圣华金狐的时空格局与城市犬科动物行会
摘要在美国加利福尼亚州贝克斯菲尔德市,联邦濒危物种和加利福尼亚州受威胁的圣华金狐(Vulpes macrotis mutica)与土狼(Canis latrans)、红狐(V. Vulpes)、灰狐(Urocyon cinereogenteus)和家犬(C. familiaris)组成了一个生态公会。当这些物种在自然环境中处于同域时,就会发生干扰竞争,导致时空回避或行为改变以避免冲突。我们分析了贝克斯菲尔德(Bakersfield)各地111个1平方公里网格细胞2015年至2019年的相机调查数据,以研究圣华金kit foxes和犬科竞争对手之间的空间关联,以及在犬科竞争对手存在时kit foxes时间活动的差异。我们发现kit foxes通常不会在每天,每年或5年的尺度上与其他犬科动物一起发生。在其他犬科动物立即出现的细胞中,狐蝠改变了它们的时间活动,通过晚出现3小时来避开其他犬科动物,并且在相机陷阱上花费的时间变化较小。因此,尽管袋狐与多个较大的竞争对手共享城市栖息地,但它们可能使用空间和时间划分来降低风险并促进共存。
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来源期刊
Western North American Naturalist
Western North American Naturalist 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
0.90
自引率
16.70%
发文量
39
审稿时长
>36 weeks
期刊介绍: The Western North American Naturalist places neither restriction nor preference on manuscripts within the disciplines of the biological sciences. Each issue treats diverse taxa from the perspectives of various disciplines (e.g., ecology, population dynamics, behavior, systematics, anatomy, and physiology).
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