The efficacy of scent leaf (Ocimum grattissimum) in controlling cowpea pod borer (Maruca vitrata) In Owerri, Nigeria

E. Emeribe, J. U. Agbim
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Abstract

This experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Imo State University, Owerri,  Nigeria, between May-August, 2018. It investigated the efficacy of Ocimum gratissimum against cowpea pod borer, Maruca vitrata. Four rates of liquid  extracts were used, 0, 50, 100, and 150 mls as treatments using randomized complete block design. Proximate analysis on Ocimum gratissimum revealed  percentage nutritional contents of ash 14.58%, moisture 82.22%, fibre 9.37% and protein 3.16%. Phytochemical analysis revealed phytate, 12.45g, tannin,  15.43g, sapogenin 11.64g, anthocyanidines 0.27g, and quinine 11.09g. Mineral compositions were Sodium 0.321mg/100g, potassium 0.355mg/100g,  calcium 0.0144mg/100g, Magnesium 1.85mg/100g and cadmium 0.187/100g. Heavy metals include zinc, 0.250mg/100g, cadmium 0.00mg/100g,  chromium 0.00mg/100g, Fe 0.381mg/100g, Nickel 0.291mg/100g and manganese 0.492mg/100g. Infrared compounds were alcohol 3344.5, aldehyde  2719, carboxylic acid 2995.5, alkenes 2804.4, isocyanate 2804.4. Data were collected on number of insects observed after application, number of plants  infested, number of leaves damaged, and number of pods per plot and yield weight. Further results showed that treatments reduced number of insects,  number of plants infested, number of leaves damaged, 2, 3, 4 WAP and these were significantlydifferent P≤0.05. Number of pods and yield weight were  significantly P≤0.05 different over the control. In this study, Ocimum gratissimum reduced the number of insect pest attack (Maruca vitrata) on cowpea and  these actions were due to the anti-nutritional constituents contained in the extract. 
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香叶防治尼日利亚奥韦里豇豆螟虫的效果
本实验于2018年5月至8月在尼日利亚奥韦里伊莫州立大学农业与兽医学院教学与研究农场进行。研究了茯苓对豇豆螟虫的防治效果。采用随机完全区组设计,采用0、50、100和150 ml四种浓度的液体提取物作为处理。近缘分析表明,竹叶的营养成分为灰分14.58%,水分82.22%,纤维9.37%,蛋白质3.16%。植物化学分析显示植酸12.45g,单宁15.43g,皂苷11.64g,花青素0.27g,奎宁11.09g。矿物组成为钠0.321mg/100g、钾0.355mg/100g、钙0.0144mg/100g、镁1.85mg/100g、镉0.187/100g。重金属包括锌0.250mg/100g、镉0.00mg/100g、铬0.00mg/100g、铁0.381mg/100g、镍0.291mg/100g、锰0.492mg/100g。红外化合物为醇3344.5,醛2719,羧酸2995.5,烯烃2804.4,异氰酸酯2804.4。收集施药后观察虫数、侵染株数、害叶数、单田荚果数和单产重等数据。进一步结果表明,不同处理的虫数、侵染株数、伤叶数、2、3、4个WAP均显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(P≤0.05)。豆荚数和产量重与对照组相比差异显著P≤0.05。在本研究中,红豆提取物中所含的抗营养成分可有效降低豇豆的病虫害发生次数。
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