Land Control, Coal Resource Exploitation and Democratic Decline in Indonesia

Iqra Anugrah
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Abstract

Debates on the causes of Indonesia's recent democratic decline have mostly focused on institutional, political and attitudinal–behavioural causes. By bringing the rural political economy dimension into this conversation, this article presents another picture of the illiberal turn in Indonesian democracy. Specifically, it examines the implications of elite control over land and coal resources on democratic quality. Based on in-country fieldwork materials and relevant secondary data, it analyses instances of episodic repression, the contraction of democratic spaces and the corrosive effects of coal-fuelled intra-elite clientelism by looking at the elite control of land resources and the influence of political and economic elites benefitting from the coal industry in elections and the broader political arena. Finally, it also discusses the capitulation of key agrarian social movement actors to state interests and its impact on the movement's ability to resist democratic regression. This elaboration shows how the current contour of elite control over rural resources contributes to the declining quality of Indonesian democracy.
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土地管制、煤炭资源开采与印尼民主衰落
关于印尼最近民主衰落原因的争论主要集中在制度、政治和态度行为原因上。通过将农村政治经济维度带入对话,本文呈现了印尼民主中不自由转向的另一幅图景。具体来说,它考察了精英控制土地和煤炭资源对民主质量的影响。根据国内实地调查资料和相关的二手数据,它通过观察精英对土地资源的控制以及受益于煤炭工业的政治和经济精英在选举和更广泛的政治舞台上的影响,分析了间歇性镇压、民主空间收缩和煤炭驱动的精英内部庇护主义的腐蚀效应的实例。最后,它还讨论了关键的农业社会运动参与者向国家利益的投降及其对运动抵抗民主回归能力的影响。这一阐述表明,目前精英阶层对农村资源的控制是如何导致印尼民主质量下降的。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
13
期刊介绍: TRaNS approaches the study of Southeast Asia by looking at the region as a place that is defined by its diverse and rapidly-changing social context, and as a place that challenges scholars to move beyond conventional ideas of borders and boundedness. TRaNS invites studies of broadly defined trans-national, trans-regional and comparative perspectives. Case studies spanning more than two countries of Southeast Asia and its neighbouring countries/regions are particularly welcomed.
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