Solid phase extraction combined with energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for multielement determination

Abstract

Abstract In this review, general aspects of the combination of the solid phase extraction (SPE) with energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF) for multielement determination are presented. Derivations of SPE, such as dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE), dispersive micro-solid phase extraction (DµSPE), and dispersive magnetic micro-solid phase extraction DM-µSPE are also presented, showing the possibility of direct analysis of the solid phase. The sorbents, advantages, disadvantages, and the analytical characteristics of the combination followed by direct determination of analytes retained on the solid phase are discussed. Furthermore, the perspectives of this analytical arrangement are presented.