The Natural Pigments in Pigmented Rice Bran and Their Relation to Human Health: A Literature Review

Abstract

Carotenoids and polyphenols are the natural pigments which are distributed to the pigmented rice bran. These pigments can prevent chronic disorders related to oxidative stress and antioxidant properties. This article focuses on carotenoids and polyphenols as ones among the natural pigments. Carotenoids and polyphenols exert an antioxidant property and anti-inflammatory agents; enhance immune responses and prevent Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). In combination with protein and dietary fiber, the bioavailability of carotenoids decreases in gastrointestinal tract. The inefficient absorption of anthocyanins in the small intestine resulted from unstability of the physiochemical pH and the degradation of anthocyanins in the small intestine. These have led to low bioavailability of anthocyanins.