Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus Type II and Pre-Diabetes among Hand Nerves Entrapment Neuropathy Patients: Epidemiological Study

Naglaa A. Hussein, M. Bartels, Mark G. Thomas, David Z. Prince
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Abstract

Objective: Measure the incidence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM)/pre-diabetes among patients with hand nerves entrapment syndromes. Design: Prospective cross sectional. Settings: Outpatient. Participants: 412 patients presented with unilateral or bilateral hand numbness suspecting Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS). Exclusion criteria: Cervical spine or hand trauma history, nerve injury history. Interventions: Each patient was subjected to the following; demographic data including occupation, body mass index, detailed medical history including DM history. Neck exam including Spurling test. Full neurological exam. Main outcome measures: Upper extremities Nerve conduction studies and electromyography of segment pointing muscles. Laboratory testing including glycosylated hemoglobin (HgA1c), liver and kidney functions. Cervical spine MRI if possible. Results: Mean age 59.4 ± 11.123. All patients were right-handed, Male 37.1%, female 62.9%, Mean body mass index (BMI) 32.2 ± 8.2. majority were manual workers (55.1%). HgA1c <5.5 has the fewest patients (7.3%), highest number of patients with HgA1c 5.5-6.0. significant relation between HgA1c categories and sensory CTS p=0.001 and sensory motor CTS p=0.001. No significant relation between HgA1c categories and demyelinating pathology p=0.123 but significant with demyelinating axonal pathology p=0.017. Significant relation between HgA1c and Guyon canal syndrome p=0.001 and polyneuropathy p=0.001. No significance between HgA1c and cervical radiculopathy p=0321. Conclusions: High incidence of DM and pre-diabetes among patients with hand nerve entrapment: CTS, Guyon syndrome together with polyneuropathy. EN may be the earliest neurophysiological abnormalities in DM, particularly in the upper limbs, even in the absence of a generalized polyneuropathy, or it may be superimposed on a generalized diabetic neuropathy. Due to the metabolic alterations consequent to abnormal glucose metabolism, the peripheral nerves show both functional impairment and structural changes, even in the preclinical stage, making them more prone to entrapment in anatomically constrained channels.
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手神经卡压性神经病患者糖尿病II型和糖尿病前期的发病率:流行病学研究
目的:了解手神经卡压综合征患者糖尿病(DM)/糖尿病前期的发病率。设计:前瞻性横断面。设置:门诊。参与者:412例单侧或双侧手部麻木怀疑腕管综合征(CTS)的患者。排除标准:颈椎或手部外伤史,神经损伤史。干预措施:每位患者接受以下治疗;人口统计资料,包括职业、身体质量指数、详细病史,包括糖尿病史。颈部检查包括斯普林试验。全面的神经学检查。主要观察指标:上肢神经传导及节段指向肌肌电图。实验室检查包括糖化血红蛋白(HgA1c)、肝肾功能。如果可能的话,颈椎MRI。结果:平均年龄59.4±11.123岁。所有患者均为右撇子,男性37.1%,女性62.9%,平均体重指数(BMI) 32.2±8.2。体力劳动者居多(55.1%)。HgA1c <5.5的患者最少(7.3%),HgA1c 5.5 ~ 6.0的患者最多。HgA1c分类与感觉CTS和感觉运动CTS有显著相关性p=0.001。HgA1c分型与脱髓鞘病理无显著相关性(p=0.123),与脱髓鞘轴突病理有显著相关性(p=0.017)。HgA1c与Guyon管综合征p=0.001、多神经病变p=0.001有显著相关性。HgA1c与颈神经根病无显著关系p=0321。结论:手神经卡压患者中糖尿病和糖尿病前期的发生率较高:CTS、Guyon综合征合并多神经病变。EN可能是DM中最早的神经生理异常,特别是在上肢,即使没有全身性多神经病变,也可能叠加在全身性糖尿病神经病变上。由于糖代谢异常引起的代谢改变,即使在临床前阶段,周围神经也表现出功能损伤和结构改变,使它们更容易被困在解剖受限的通道中。
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