Causes, prevalence, and identification of multi-drug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis in patients with different age groups

Sabeera Siddiq, Muhammad Imran Sarwer, Khawar, Ali Shahzad, Khawar Ali, Shahzad
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Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is a granulomatous infectious illness caused by gram-positive, acid-fast bacilli belonging to the Mycobacterium genus. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) causes tuberculosis in humans, which primarily affects the lungs and causes pulmonary tuberculosis. Extra pulmonary tuberculosis can damage the colon, meninges, bones, joints, lymph nodes, skin, and other body parts. The present study was conducted to find the causes, prevalence, and identification of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in patients with different age groups. One hundred sputum samples were collected from patients with different age groups. Identification and confirmation of multidrug resistance tuberculosis were performed by smear microscopy, real-time PCR assay, and bacterium culture, and Out of 100 samples 86 were positive for tuberculosis and 14 were negative. Out of these 86 samples, 52 were males and 34 were females. The age group with the highest percentage of tuberculosis was 40-60 years. There were 47 smokers and 39 non-smokers. Out of 100 samples, only 19 had good living standards, 40 with average hygienic conditions, and 41 with poor hygiene. Through real-time assay it was concluded that 48 samples were Isoniazid resistant and 53 were Rifampicin resistant. According to our findings, poor quality of life, poor housing, overcrowding, population explosion, under nutrition, smoking, alcohol misuse, lack of education, large families, and lack of information about the cause and transmission of tuberculosis are some of the social causes. These elements are interconnected and play a role in tuberculosis occurrence and transmission.
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不同年龄组患者耐多药结核病的病因、流行和鉴定
结核病(TB)是一种肉芽肿性传染病,由属于分枝杆菌属的革兰氏阳性抗酸杆菌引起。结核分枝杆菌(MTB)引起人类结核病,主要影响肺部并引起肺结核。肺外结核可损害结肠、脑膜、骨骼、关节、淋巴结、皮肤和其他身体部位。本研究旨在了解不同年龄组患者耐多药结核病的病因、流行情况和鉴定情况。从不同年龄组的患者中收集了100份痰样本。通过涂片镜检、实时PCR检测和细菌培养等方法对多药耐药结核进行鉴定和确认,100份样本中结核阳性86份,阴性14份。在这86个样本中,52个是男性,34个是女性。结核病发病率最高的年龄组为40-60岁。有47名吸烟者和39名不吸烟者。在100个样本中,只有19个生活水平良好,40个卫生条件一般,41个卫生条件较差。实时检测结果显示异烟肼耐药48份,利福平耐药53份。根据我们的研究结果,生活质量差、住房条件差、过度拥挤、人口爆炸、营养不良、吸烟、酗酒、缺乏教育、大家庭以及缺乏有关结核病病因和传播的信息是一些社会原因。这些因素相互关联,并在结核病的发生和传播中发挥作用。
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