COVID-19 and thyroid disease: clinical course and prognosis

Abstract

The aim is to analyze current scientific data on the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in patients with COVID-19 and to evaluate the relationship between possible complications of COVID-19 and vaccination. Materials and methods. Open digital archive of journal articles on biomedical and biological sciences of the National Institutes of Health (USA), developed by the National Center for Biotechnological Information of the National Medical Library (USA) – PubMed, Google Academy and Academic Journals. Results. The development of thyroid diseases in SARS-CoV-2 may be associated with various mechanisms of its damage, including an excessive immune response, infection-induced immunodeficiency, or direct cell damage due to significant tissue tropism and high affinity of SARS-CoV-2 to thyroid tissue. Possible mechanisms of formation of post-vaccination dysfunction of the thyroid gland are proposed. Conclusions. Thyroid hormone deficiency is associated with an increased risk of adverse events and in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 and depended on the age of the patient. The severe course of Covid-19 is characterized by an increase in the prevalence of TT secondary to destructive or inflammatory thyroiditis. Thyroid-related thyrotoxicosis exacerbates the clinical course of comorbidities and long-term consequences, such as autoimmune hypothyroidism, which occurs in patients of all ages and with any severity of COVID-19. The prevalence of TD in patients with COVID-19 varies from 13 to 64 %. 2. The presence of thyroid dysfunction is positively correlated with the clinical severity of COVID-19. Patients with confirmed thyroid disease should receive COVID-19 vaccine to reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 infection