A Retrospective Clinical Study Of Factors Affecting Tetanus

L. Ramachandra, K. Shobha, P. Kannan
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引用次数: 6

Abstract

Tetanus is a devastating disease of muscle spasm and autonomic instability with a high mortality. Despite being easily preventable with a highly effective vaccine, tetanus remains a significant source of morbidity and mortality worldwide . Our aim of the study was to review the demographic and clinical presentations of tetanus and to study the route of entry, immunization status and outcome of the disease. This study included all cases diagnosed as tetanus in a period of 6 years from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2005. Data of the patients was retrospectively collected from the Medical Records Department of Kasturba medical college hospital, Manipal. The data included details of the patients and clinical findings. The maximum incidence was noted in the age group above 30yrs of age and males were more than females. Incidence among patients of various occupations was higher among those involved in manual work farmers (66.66%) Common clinical manifestations included trismus with the common site of injury was lower Limb. Mortality was found to be higher with increase in severity of the disease and short Incubation period. Poor adherence to immunization schedule in adult population,low level of care administered for minor injuries by the primary health care providers, without keeping in mind the possibility of tetanus and lack of awareness among general public about the immunization schedule and the disease, was probably the reason for a higher incidence of tetanus in this country compared to the west. Severe tetanus had a higher mortality than moderate tetanus. The mortality of patients with tetanus remained phenomenally high (23.33%), the reason for which had to be elucidated with further prospective studies.
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破伤风影响因素的回顾性临床研究
破伤风是一种肌肉痉挛和自主神经不稳定的毁灭性疾病,死亡率很高。尽管用高效疫苗很容易预防,但破伤风仍然是全世界发病率和死亡率的一个重要来源。我们的研究目的是回顾破伤风的人口统计学和临床表现,并研究该疾病的进入途径、免疫状况和结局。这项研究包括2000年1月1日至2005年12月31日6年间诊断为破伤风的所有病例。患者资料回顾性收集自马尼帕尔Kasturba医学院医院病历部。这些数据包括患者的详细信息和临床表现。发病率以30岁以上年龄组最高,男性多于女性。不同职业的患者发病率以体力劳动者较高(66.66%),常见临床表现为牙关,损伤部位多为下肢。死亡率随疾病严重程度的增加和潜伏期的缩短而增加。成年人对免疫接种计划的遵守程度较低,初级卫生保健提供者对轻伤的护理水平较低,不考虑破伤风的可能性,公众对免疫接种计划和疾病缺乏认识,这些可能是该国破伤风发病率高于西方的原因。重症破伤风的死亡率高于中度破伤风。破伤风患者的死亡率仍然很高(23.33%),其原因有待进一步的前瞻性研究来阐明。
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