Policies to enhance the ‘hidden innovation’ in services: evidence and lessons from the UK

M. Abreu, V. Grinevich, M. Kitson, M. Savona
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引用次数: 102

Abstract

More than 75% of the UK economy is based on services. Knowledge-based services generate more than five times as much value added for the UK economy as advanced manufacturing. Yet, there are persistent gaps in understanding the innovative performance of services. Using Fourth UK Community Innovation Survey (CIS4) data and the results of a detailed case study analysis, this article helps to fill this gap by analysing what innovation in services means and how it can be measured. The traditional indicators of innovation inputs (such as levels of R&D expenditures) and innovation outputs (such as the number of patents) suggest that services are less innovative than other branches of the economy. We take into account a larger spectrum of innovation indicators, both in terms of innovation inputs and outputs, to analyse whether the intensity, nature and economic impact of innovation significantly varies between the manufacturing and service sectors in UK, and between different parts of the services sector such as knowledge-intensive business services and traditional services. The results of the empirical analysis identify the ‘hidden parts’ of innovation in services, that is, the innovative activities and successful innovative outputs that are traditionally underestimated by the use of metrics based on R&D and patents. We suggest a wide range of policy measures specifically targeted at enhancing innovation in services; the UK service economy needs more focus on learning and the training of personnel, and a new balance of policy to support both R&D and non-R&D innovation activities.
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加强服务业“隐性创新”的政策:来自英国的证据和教训
超过75%的英国经济以服务业为基础。知识服务业为英国经济创造的增加值是先进制造业的五倍多。然而,在理解服务的创新绩效方面仍存在差距。利用第四次英国社区创新调查(CIS4)的数据和详细的案例研究分析的结果,本文通过分析服务创新的含义以及如何衡量它,帮助填补了这一空白。创新投入(如研发支出水平)和创新产出(如专利数量)的传统指标表明,服务业的创新能力低于其他经济部门。我们考虑了更广泛的创新指标,无论是在创新投入还是产出方面,来分析创新的强度、性质和经济影响在英国制造业和服务业之间,以及在服务业的不同部分(如知识密集型商业服务和传统服务)之间是否存在显著差异。实证分析的结果确定了服务业创新的“隐藏部分”,即传统上使用基于研发和专利的指标低估的创新活动和成功的创新产出。我们建议采取广泛的政策措施,以加强服务业的创新;英国的服务经济需要更加注重人才的学习和培训,并在支持研发和非研发创新活动的政策上取得新的平衡。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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