Información enfermera en las unidades de cuidados intensivos españolas: ¿rol formal o informal? Estudio multicéntrico

Abstract

Objectives

To evaluate the brochure provided to relatives on admission to Spanish Intensive Care Units (ICU) regarding nursing information.

Methodology

Descriptive, cross-sectional, multicentre study from September-December 2019. A total of 280 adult ICUs were included, according to the list of the Spanish Society of Intensive Care. The brochure was requested through personal contact, phone call, twitter, or hospital website.

Analyzed variables

Hospital (public/private), university (yes/no), visiting (open/closed), medical and nurse information. Descriptive statistics and X² test (relations nurse information and other variables).

Results

Data were collected from 228 ICU(81.4%), of which 25(11%) did not have a brochure. A total of 77.8% were public and 49.8% university hospitals. Of the hospitals, 94.1% had closed visiting hours, although 42.4% supplemented it with flexible. All the hospitals included daily medical information with an established timetable, 21.7%(n = 44) contained nurse information, 27.3% with established hours and 38.6% during visits. Of the nursing information, 79.5% referred to care, 29.5% to needs, 13.6% to well-being, 15.9% to the patient's condition, 11.4% to the environment, 9.1% to observations, and 29.5% to clarifications. A total of 17.2% of all ICU offered to collaborate in care. Of the brochures with nurse information, 90.9% were public hospitals and 9.1% were private (P = .02). Of the hospitals, 65.9% were university compared to 34.1% who were not (P = .02).

Conclusions

While medical information is consistently reflected in all brochures, only a few contain nursing information with generic and non-homogeneous and specific content. These results contrast with the reality of the ICU, where the nurse is the professional with the greatest contact with the family. The official provision of nursing information occurs more frequently in public and university hospitals. It is necessary to standardise this information, since as a responsible part of the care process, nurses must communicate their care in a formal manner, and thus help make their work visible.