Pyrethroid deltamethrin-induced developmental neurodegenerative cerebral injury and ameliorating effect of dietary glycoside naringin in male wistar rats

Abstract

Deltamethrin (DEL) is a type II α - cyano group containing synthetic pyrethroid insecticide that is used extensively for controlling flies, mosquitoes, insects, pests worldwide. DEL exposure leads to pathophysiology of a broad spectrum of cerebrovascular & neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's, Lou Gehrig's disease, Alzheimer's disease, developmental deficits, birth defects, and learning disabilities. In these studies, we have demonstrated that the deltamethrin-induced neurotoxicity and ameliorating effect of dietary flavonoid naringin by its antioxidant and neuro-protective ability in male wistar rat. Adult male wistar rats were divided into four different groups. Group I vehicle treated control group; group II received deltamethrin dissolved in corn oil 12.8 mg/kg BW orally (1/10 LD 50) for three weeks (21 days) to induce neurotoxicity; group III received naringin (100 mg/kg BW for 21 days) orally. Group IV naringin alone treated. DEL-induced neurotoxicity was evidenced by increased activities of creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, TBARS in DEL administered rat brain tissue homogenate, and decrease activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities, however it was reversed by naringin treatment. DEL administered rats showed reduction in the levels of enzymic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase) and non-enzymic antioxidants (glutathione, vitamin C and vitamin E) levels. However, normalized antioxidant and non-enzymic antioxidant defenses were reported in the naringin treated rats. These findings highlight the efficacy of naringin as a neuro-protectant in DEL-induced neurotoxicity which is also supported by native gel electrophoresis, agarose gel electrophoresis, histopathological studies of rat brain tissue.