Vitamin D deficiency in pediatric patients using antiepileptic drugs: systematic review with meta‐analysis

Abstract

Objectives

To measure the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (through the 25‐hydroxyvitamin D metabolite) in pediatric patients using antiepileptic drugs.

Source of data

Meta‐analysis of studies identified through search in the PubMed, Embase, LILACS, and Cochrane Library databases, on February 19, 2019.

Summary of data

A total of 748 articles were identified, 29 of which were relevant to the objectives of this study. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency found was 0.32 (95% CI = 0.25 ‐ 0.41; I² = 92%, p < 0.01). In the subgroup analyses, the most significant results were observed in the group of patients using cytochrome P450‐inducing antiepileptic drugs, with a prevalence of 0.33 (95% CI = 0.21 ‐ 0.47; I² = 86%, p < 0.01) and, considering the study design, in the subgroup of cohort studies, with a prevalence of 0.52 (95% CI = 0.40 ‐ 0.64; I² = 76%, p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Taking into account the deleterious effects of vitamin D deficiency on the bone health of individuals using antiepileptic drugs, it is suggested to include in their care 25‐hydroxyvitamin D monitoring, cholecalciferol supplementation, and treatment of the deficiency, when present.