Restructuring the Chinese Freight Railway: Two Scenarios

Shana Cui , Russell Pittman , Jian Zhao
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Abstract

Twenty years of debate regarding the restructuring of the Chinese freight railway have failed to yield a consensus. Early policy statements favoring the creation of above-the-rail competition over a monopoly infrastructure – the “European” model of rail restructuring – have broadened into a lively policy and scholarly debate that includes as an alternative the division of the system into competing vertically integrated railways – the “Americas” model of restructuring. To date, however, there have been no tangible reform steps beyond organizational restructuring, the construction of new coal railroads, some with private-sector participation, and the introduction of scheduled container service between China and Europe. In this paper we argue in favor of the Americas model as a basis for restructuring and offer two alternative scenarios for the creation of multiple vertically integrated freight railways. Both plans enable competition between independent firms and routes for import/export traffic, one a southern, One Belt, One Road path, the other a northern path via the Trans-Siberian Railway.

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中国货运铁路重组:两种情景
二十年来,关于中国货运铁路重组的争论未能达成共识。早期的政策声明倾向于在垄断基础设施上建立铁路上的竞争——“欧洲”铁路重组模式——已经扩大为一场活跃的政策和学术辩论,其中包括将铁路系统划分为相互竞争的垂直整合的铁路——“美洲”重组模式。然而,迄今为止,除了组织重组、建设新的煤炭铁路(其中一些铁路由私营部门参与)以及在中国和欧洲之间引入定期集装箱服务之外,没有任何切实的改革措施。在本文中,我们支持将美洲模式作为重组的基础,并为创建多个垂直整合货运铁路提供了两种替代方案。这两个计划都允许独立公司和进出口交通路线之间的竞争,一个是南方的“一带一路”,另一个是通过西伯利亚大铁路的北方路线。
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