The role of the gut microbiome in eye diseases

IF 18.6 1区 医学 Q1 OPHTHALMOLOGY Progress in Retinal and Eye Research Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101117
Denise C. Zysset-Burri , Sophia Morandi , Elio L. Herzog , Lieselotte E. Berger , Martin S. Zinkernagel
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引用次数: 12

Abstract

The gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem of microorganisms and their genetic entities colonizing the gastrointestinal tract. When in balanced composition, the gut microbiome is in symbiotic interaction with its host and maintains intestinal homeostasis. It is involved in essential functions such as nutrient metabolism, inhibition of pathogens and regulation of immune function. Through translocation of microbes and their metabolites along the epithelial barrier, microbial dysbiosis induces systemic inflammation that may lead to tissue destruction and promote the onset of various diseases. Using whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing, several studies have shown that the composition and associated functional capacities of the gut microbiome are associated with age-related macular degeneration, retinal artery occlusion, central serous chorioretinopathy and uveitis. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge about the gut microbiome in eye diseases, with a focus on interactions between the microbiome, specific microbial-derived metabolites and the immune system. We explain how these interactions may be involved in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration, retinal artery occlusion, central serous chorioretinopathy and uveitis and guide the development of new therapeutic approaches by microbiome-altering interventions for these diseases.

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肠道微生物群在眼部疾病中的作用
肠道微生物组是微生物及其遗传实体在胃肠道中定居的复杂生态系统。当组成平衡时,肠道微生物组与其宿主共生相互作用,并维持肠道稳态。它参与营养代谢、抑制病原体和调节免疫功能等基本功能。通过微生物及其代谢产物沿着上皮屏障移位,微生物微生态失调诱导全身炎症,可能导致组织破坏并促进各种疾病的发作。使用全宏基因组鸟枪测序,几项研究表明,肠道微生物组的组成和相关功能能力与年龄相关性黄斑变性、视网膜动脉闭塞、中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变和葡萄膜炎有关。在这篇综述中,我们概述了目前关于眼部疾病肠道微生物组的知识,重点是微生物组、特定微生物衍生代谢产物和免疫系统之间的相互作用。我们解释了这些相互作用如何参与年龄相关性黄斑变性、视网膜动脉闭塞、中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变和葡萄膜炎的发病机制,并通过改变微生物组的干预措施指导开发新的治疗方法。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
34.10
自引率
5.10%
发文量
78
期刊介绍: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research is a Reviews-only journal. By invitation, leading experts write on basic and clinical aspects of the eye in a style appealing to molecular biologists, neuroscientists and physiologists, as well as to vision researchers and ophthalmologists. The journal covers all aspects of eye research, including topics pertaining to the retina and pigment epithelial layer, cornea, tears, lacrimal glands, aqueous humour, iris, ciliary body, trabeculum, lens, vitreous humour and diseases such as dry-eye, inflammation, keratoconus, corneal dystrophy, glaucoma and cataract.
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