Electrical waste management: Recent advances challenges and future outlook

Abstract

The expansion of the e-waste management business at the national level is hampered by regulatory laws and a lack of knowledge among residents in most countries. Countries all around the globe are still struggling to raise public awareness and take effective efforts to safeguard the natural environment from fast degradation. An electronic device, like televisions, cell phones, and refrigerators, has a finite lifespan, which necessitates their replacement on a frequent basis, resulting in e-waste. Because of the aforementioned factors, proper e-waste management is a must around the clock. E-waste is the fastest increasing municipal solid trash, with a global production of around 20–50 million tonnes per year. Environmental health is a major problem when it comes to e-waste handling. Workers and those who live near a recycling centre in underdeveloped nations, where the majority of the informal and recyclable e-waste is recycled, are exposed to dangerous substances that have long-term negative health impacts. In Africa, India, Ghana, and Nigeria are among the countries where such recycling is common. This review paper, discussed the e-waste situation and provide information on the hazardous materials found among them and then it will have an impact on health and the environment. Electrical and electronic electrical equipment management in developed and developing countries will be explored in a way that relates to reusable components that will lead to the development of a circular economy using increased productivity. The current state of the e-waste industry will be assessed along with serious damage to the illegal e-waste trade and environment of developed countries to address the challenges associated with the re-use of e-waste.