Antimicrobial effects of nano titanium dioxide and disinfectants on maxillofacial silicones

IF 4.8 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI:10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.03.001

Pinar Cevik DDS, PhD , Gulcin Akca MD, PhD , Neset Volkan Asar DDS, PhD , Emine Avci MD , Sudarat Kiat-amnuay DDS, MS , Burak Yilmaz DDS, PhD

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Abstract

Statement of problem

Deficient hygiene of maxillofacial prostheses can be a source of infection, and various disinfectants, including nano-oxides, have been suggested for the disinfection of silicone prostheses. While maxillofacial silicones involving nano-oxides at different sizes and concentrations have been evaluated in terms of their mechanical and physical properties, reports are lacking on the antimicrobial effect of nano titanium dioxide (TiO₂) incorporated into maxillofacial silicones contaminated by different biofilms.

Purpose

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of 6 different disinfectants and nano TiO₂ incorporation into maxillofacial silicone contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans biofilms.

Material and methods

A total of 258 silicone specimens (129 pure silicones and 129 nano TiO₂-incorporated silicones) were fabricated. Specimens in each silicone group (with or without nano TiO₂) were divided into 7 disinfectant groups (control, 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate, 4% chlorhexidine gluconate, 1% sodium hypochlorite, neutral soap, 100% white vinegar, and effervescent) in each biofilm group. Contaminated specimens were disinfected, and the suspension of each specimen was incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours. Proliferated colonies were recorded in colony-forming units per mL (CFU/mL). The differences in microbial levels among specimens were evaluated to test the effect of the type of silicone and the disinfectant (α=.05).

Results

Significant difference was found among disinfectants regardless of the silicone type (P<.05). Nano TiO₂ incorporation showed an antimicrobial effect on S aureus, E coli, and C albicans biofilms. Nano TiO₂ incorporated silicone cleaned with 4% chlorhexidine gluconate had statistically less C albicans than pure silicone. Using white vinegar or 4% chlorhexidine gluconate led to no E coli on either silicone. Nano TiO₂ incorporated silicone cleaned with effervescent had fewer S aureus or C albicans biofilms.

Conclusions

The tested disinfectants and nano TiO₂ incorporation into silicone were effective against most of the microorganisms used in this study.

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纳米二氧化钛和消毒剂对颌面部有机硅的抗菌作用

口腔颌面部假体的卫生缺陷可能是感染的一个来源，包括纳米氧化物在内的各种消毒剂已被建议用于硅胶假体的消毒。虽然已经对不同粒径和浓度的纳米氧化物在颌面有机硅的力学和物理性能进行了评价，但关于纳米二氧化钛（TiO2）掺入不同生物膜污染的颌面有机硅的抗菌效果的报道还很缺乏。目的研究6种不同消毒剂及纳米TiO2掺入颌面部被金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌污染的硅胶生物膜的抑菌效果。材料与方法制备了258个有机硅样品（129个纯有机硅和129个纳米二氧化钛有机硅）。将硅胶组（含或不含纳米TiO2）标本分为7个消毒组（对照、0.2%葡萄糖酸氯己定、4%葡萄糖酸氯己定、1%次氯酸钠、中性肥皂、100%白醋、泡泡剂）。将污染标本消毒，每个标本的悬浮液在37℃下孵育24小时。以每mL的菌落形成单位（CFU/mL）记录增殖菌落。评价不同样品微生物水平的差异，以检验有机硅类型和消毒剂的影响（α= 0.05）。结果不同硅胶类型消毒剂的抗菌效果差异有统计学意义（p < 0.05）。纳米TiO2掺入对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌生物膜均有抗菌作用。用4%葡萄糖酸氯己定清洗纳米二氧化钛有机硅，其白色念珠菌比纯有机硅少。使用白醋或4%的葡萄糖酸氯己定时，硅胶上都没有大肠杆菌。纳米二氧化钛掺杂的有机硅经泡腾清洗后，金黄色葡萄球菌或白色念珠菌生物膜较少。结论有机硅中掺入纳米二氧化钛的消毒剂对大多数微生物均有较好的抗菌效果。

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来源期刊

Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 医学-牙科与口腔外科

CiteScore

7.00

自引率

13.00%

发文量

599

审稿时长

69 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry is the leading professional journal devoted exclusively to prosthetic and restorative dentistry. The Journal is the official publication for 24 leading U.S. international prosthodontic organizations. The monthly publication features timely, original peer-reviewed articles on the newest techniques, dental materials, and research findings. The Journal serves prosthodontists and dentists in advanced practice, and features color photos that illustrate many step-by-step procedures. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry is included in Index Medicus and CINAHL.