{"title":"Molecular and immunological diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis from different hosts in the Gaza Strip, Palestine","authors":"Adnan I. Al-Hindi , Tony Bodell , Ayed Alshammari","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00298","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of the present study was to determine the molecular characteristics of <em>Echinococcus granulosus</em> sensu lato from faecal samples of dogs and the hydatid cyst from liver of bovine, camel, cattle, and sheep and the immunodiagnosis of Hydatid cyst in human sera samples from the Gaza Strip, in Palestine. A total of 38 faecal samples were collected near farms and local markets where stray dogs were grouping there. Post-slaughtering, the livers of the bovine, camel, cattle, and sheep were examined for cysts. Where 30 suspected hydatid cysts were collected, the number and size of cysts in each liver were recorded. For serology, 23 sera specimens were collected from farmers within the Gaza Strip. According to hospital records in Gaza, 12 patients had attended three different hospitals and had tested positive for hydatid cyst/cystic echinococcosis by CT scans and histopathology. ELISA results from the 23 human patients showed that 3/23 (13%) tested positive for hydatid disease. Of the 30 bovine and cattle harboring cysts, 14/30 (46.6%) were positive for hydatid cyst/cystic echinococcosis of which 23 (76.7%) were males and 7 (23.3%) were females. The present study shows that 6/38 (15.7%) were positive for <em>E. granulosus</em> sensu lato from faecal analysis in dogs. Subsequent sequencing of both dogs and cattle confirmed infection by the G1 strain. The cattle/dog strain (G1) of <em>E.granulosus</em> sensu lato suggests that this infection is cosmopolitan in its distribution. It is concluded that the detection of hydatid cyst/cystic echinococcosis in the examined hosts either human or animals should be considered among physicians and a large sample size is recommended in future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10068256/pdf/main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673123000156","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"INFECTIOUS DISEASES","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the molecular characteristics of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato from faecal samples of dogs and the hydatid cyst from liver of bovine, camel, cattle, and sheep and the immunodiagnosis of Hydatid cyst in human sera samples from the Gaza Strip, in Palestine. A total of 38 faecal samples were collected near farms and local markets where stray dogs were grouping there. Post-slaughtering, the livers of the bovine, camel, cattle, and sheep were examined for cysts. Where 30 suspected hydatid cysts were collected, the number and size of cysts in each liver were recorded. For serology, 23 sera specimens were collected from farmers within the Gaza Strip. According to hospital records in Gaza, 12 patients had attended three different hospitals and had tested positive for hydatid cyst/cystic echinococcosis by CT scans and histopathology. ELISA results from the 23 human patients showed that 3/23 (13%) tested positive for hydatid disease. Of the 30 bovine and cattle harboring cysts, 14/30 (46.6%) were positive for hydatid cyst/cystic echinococcosis of which 23 (76.7%) were males and 7 (23.3%) were females. The present study shows that 6/38 (15.7%) were positive for E. granulosus sensu lato from faecal analysis in dogs. Subsequent sequencing of both dogs and cattle confirmed infection by the G1 strain. The cattle/dog strain (G1) of E.granulosus sensu lato suggests that this infection is cosmopolitan in its distribution. It is concluded that the detection of hydatid cyst/cystic echinococcosis in the examined hosts either human or animals should be considered among physicians and a large sample size is recommended in future research.
本研究的目的是确定狗粪便样本中的细粒棘球蚴和牛、骆驼、牛和绵羊肝脏中的棘球蚴的分子特征，以及巴勒斯坦加沙地带人类血清样本中棘球蚴囊肿的免疫诊断。在流浪狗聚集的农场和当地市场附近，共采集了38份粪便样本。屠宰后，对牛、骆驼、牛和绵羊的肝脏进行囊肿检查。在收集了30个疑似棘球蚴囊肿的地方，记录了每个肝脏中囊肿的数量和大小。在血清学方面，从加沙地带的农民那里采集了23份血清标本。根据加沙的医院记录，12名患者曾在三家不同的医院就诊，通过CT扫描和组织病理学检测，棘球蚴/囊性棘球蚴病呈阳性。23名人类患者的ELISA结果显示，3/23（13%）的棘球蚴病检测呈阳性。在30头携带囊肿的牛和牛中，14/30（46.6%）的棘球蚴/囊性棘球蚴病呈阳性，其中23头（76.7%）为雄性，7头（23.3%）为雌性。目前的研究表明，在狗的粪便分析中，6/38（15.7%）对感觉颗粒大肠杆菌呈阳性。随后对狗和牛的测序证实了G1菌株的感染。感觉颗粒E.granularus senso lato的牛/狗菌株（G1）表明，这种感染在其分布上是世界性的。因此，医生应考虑在受检宿主（无论是人类还是动物）中检测棘球蚴/囊性棘球蚴病，并建议在未来的研究中使用大样本量。
期刊介绍：
Parasite Epidemiology and Control is an Open Access journal. There is an increasing amount of research in the parasitology area that analyses the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations. This epidemiology of parasite infectious diseases is predominantly studied in human populations but also spans other major hosts of parasitic infections and as such this journal will have a broad remit. We will focus on the major areas of epidemiological study including disease etiology, disease surveillance, drug resistance and geographical spread and screening, biomonitoring, and comparisons of treatment effects in clinical trials for both human and other animals. We will also look at the epidemiology and control of vector insects. The journal will also cover the use of geographic information systems (Epi-GIS) for epidemiological surveillance which is a rapidly growing area of research in infectious diseases. Molecular epidemiological approaches are also particularly encouraged.
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