Microbial Biogeochemical Cycling of Nitrogen in Arid Ecosystems.

IF 8 1区 生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI:10.1128/mmbr.00109-21
Jean-Baptiste Ramond, Karen Jordaan, Beatriz Díez, Sandra M Heinzelmann, Don A Cowan
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引用次数: 17

Abstract

Arid ecosystems cover ∼40% of the Earth's terrestrial surface and store a high proportion of the global nitrogen (N) pool. They are low-productivity, low-biomass, and polyextreme ecosystems, i.e., with (hyper)arid and (hyper)oligotrophic conditions and high surface UV irradiation and evapotranspiration. These polyextreme conditions severely limit the presence of macrofauna and -flora and, particularly, the growth and productivity of plant species. Therefore, it is generally recognized that much of the primary production (including N-input processes) and nutrient biogeochemical cycling (particularly N cycling) in these ecosystems are microbially mediated. Consequently, we present a comprehensive survey of the current state of knowledge of biotic and abiotic N-cycling processes of edaphic (i.e., open soil, biological soil crust, or plant-associated rhizosphere and rhizosheath) and hypo/endolithic refuge niches from drylands in general, including hot, cold, and polar desert ecosystems. We particularly focused on the microbially mediated biological nitrogen fixation, N mineralization, assimilatory and dissimilatory nitrate reduction, and nitrification N-input processes and the denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) N-loss processes. We note that the application of modern meta-omics and related methods has generated comprehensive data sets on the abundance, diversity, and ecology of the different N-cycling microbial guilds. However, it is worth mentioning that microbial N-cycling data from important deserts (e.g., Sahara) and quantitative rate data on N transformation processes from various desert niches are lacking or sparse. Filling this knowledge gap is particularly important, as climate change models often lack data on microbial activity and environmental microbial N-cycling communities can be key actors of climate change by producing or consuming nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas.

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干旱生态系统氮的微生物生物地球化学循环
干旱生态系统覆盖了地球陆地表面的约40%,并储存了全球氮(N)库的很大一部分。它们是低生产力、低生物量和多极端生态系统,即具有(超)干旱和(超)寡营养条件和高地表紫外线照射和蒸散量。这些多重极端条件严重限制了大型动植物的存在,特别是植物物种的生长和生产力。因此,人们普遍认为,这些生态系统中的大部分初级生产(包括N输入过程)和养分生物地球化学循环(特别是N循环)是由微生物介导的。因此,我们对旱地(包括热、冷和极地沙漠生态系统)的土壤(即开放土壤、生物土壤结皮或与植物相关的根际和根鞘)和亚/内生境的生物和非生物n循环过程的现状进行了全面的调查。我们特别关注微生物介导的生物固氮、氮矿化、同化和异化硝酸盐还原、硝化N输入过程以及反硝化和厌氧氨氧化(anammox) N损失过程。我们注意到,现代元组学和相关方法的应用已经产生了关于不同氮循环微生物群体的丰度、多样性和生态学的综合数据集。然而,值得一提的是,来自重要沙漠(如撒哈拉沙漠)的微生物氮循环数据和来自不同沙漠生态位的氮转化过程的定量速率数据缺乏或稀疏。填补这一知识空白尤为重要,因为气候变化模型往往缺乏微生物活动的数据,而环境微生物n循环群落可能通过产生或消耗一氧化二氮(N2O)这一强效温室气体而成为气候变化的关键因素。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
18.80
自引率
0.80%
发文量
27
期刊介绍: Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews (MMBR), a journal that explores the significance and interrelationships of recent discoveries in various microbiology fields, publishes review articles that help both specialists and nonspecialists understand and apply the latest findings in their own research. MMBR covers a wide range of topics in microbiology, including microbial ecology, evolution, parasitology, biotechnology, and immunology. The journal caters to scientists with diverse interests in all areas of microbial science and encompasses viruses, bacteria, archaea, fungi, unicellular eukaryotes, and microbial parasites. MMBR primarily publishes authoritative and critical reviews that push the boundaries of knowledge, appealing to both specialists and generalists. The journal often includes descriptive figures and tables to enhance understanding. Indexed/Abstracted in various databases such as Agricola, BIOSIS Previews, CAB Abstracts, Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts Service, Current Contents- Life Sciences, EMBASE, Food Science and Technology Abstracts, Illustrata, MEDLINE, Science Citation Index Expanded (Web of Science), Summon, and Scopus, among others.
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