Comprehensive Multi-compartment Sampling for Quantification of Long-Term Accumulation of PAHs in Soils

IF 6.7 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL ACS Environmental Au Pub Date : 2022-09-27 DOI:10.1021/acsenvironau.2c00015
Jana Meierdierks*, Christiane Zarfl, Barbara Beckingham and Peter Grathwohl*, 
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Long-term accumulation in the soils of ubiquitous organic pollutants such as many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) depends on deposition from the atmosphere, revolatilization, leaching, and degradation processes such as photolysis and biodegradation. Quantifying the phase distribution and fluxes of these compounds across environmental compartments is thus crucial to understand the long-term contaminant fate. The gas-phase exchange between soil and atmosphere follows chemical fugacity gradients that can be approximated by gas-phase concentrations, yet which are difficult to measure directly. Thus, passive sampling, measured sorption isotherms, or empirical relationships to estimate sorption distribution have been combined in this study to determine aqueous (or gas) phase concentrations from measured bulk concentrations in soil solids. All these methods have their strengths and weaknesses but agree within 1 order of magnitude except for ex situ passive samplers employed in soil slurries, which estimated much lower concentrations in soil water and gas likely due to experimental artifacts. In field measurements, PAH concentrations determined in the atmosphere show a pronounced seasonality with some revolatilization during summer and gaseous deposition during winter, but overall dry deposition dominates annual mean fluxes. The characteristic patterns of PAHs in the different phases (gas phase, atmospheric passive samplers, bulk deposition, and soil solids) confirm the expected compound-specific distribution pattern and behavior. Since revolatilization fluxes in summer are only minor and wet and dry deposition is ongoing, our results clearly show that the PAH loads in topsoils will continue to increase.

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土壤中多环芳烃长期积累的综合多室取样定量研究
土壤中无所不在的有机污染物如多环芳烃(PAHs)的长期积累依赖于来自大气的沉积、旋化、淋滤以及光解和生物降解等降解过程。因此,量化这些化合物在环境隔间中的相分布和通量对于了解污染物的长期命运至关重要。土壤和大气之间的气相交换遵循化学逸度梯度,这种逸度梯度可以用气相浓度近似表示,但难以直接测量。因此,在本研究中,被动采样、测量的吸附等温线或经验关系被结合起来估计吸附分布,以确定土壤固体中测量的体积浓度的水相(或气相)浓度。所有这些方法都有各自的优点和缺点,但除了在土壤浆液中使用的非原位被动采样器外,它们在土壤水和气体中估计的浓度要低得多,这可能是由于实验伪像。在野外测量中,大气中确定的多环芳烃浓度显示出明显的季节性,夏季有一些旋转,冬季有气体沉积,但总体上干沉积主导年平均通量。多环芳烃在不同阶段(气相、大气被动采样、整体沉积和土壤固体)的特征模式证实了预期的化合物特定分布模式和行为。由于夏季的旋转通量很小,干湿沉积正在进行,我们的研究结果清楚地表明表层土壤中的多环芳烃负荷将继续增加。
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ACS Environmental Au
ACS Environmental Au 环境科学-
CiteScore
7.10
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0.00%
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期刊介绍: ACS Environmental Au is an open access journal which publishes experimental research and theoretical results in all aspects of environmental science and technology both pure and applied. Short letters comprehensive articles reviews and perspectives are welcome in the following areas:Alternative EnergyAnthropogenic Impacts on Atmosphere Soil or WaterBiogeochemical CyclingBiomass or Wastes as ResourcesContaminants in Aquatic and Terrestrial EnvironmentsEnvironmental Data ScienceEcotoxicology and Public HealthEnergy and ClimateEnvironmental Modeling Processes and Measurement Methods and TechnologiesEnvironmental Nanotechnology and BiotechnologyGreen ChemistryGreen Manufacturing and EngineeringRisk assessment Regulatory Frameworks and Life-Cycle AssessmentsTreatment and Resource Recovery and Waste Management
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