Theory Analysis: The Health Promotion Model and Motivation in Physical Activity.

Abstract

Background: The health promotion model (HPM) depicts numerous factors impacting health-promoting behavior. Variables of the HPM including experiences, self-efficacy, and the influences affecting health choices portray a comprehensive picture of a person's values and barriers to health behavior change. Perceived harm of inaction is weighed against the perceived benefits of action within the HPM. Physical inactivity is a worldwide concern with deleterious consequences. Strategies are needed to increase physical activity participation to mitigate the impacts. The HPM has not been previously analyzed in the context of adult physical activity. Purpose: Analyze the HPM, apply it to the concept of adult motivation for physical activity, display the utility of theory application in practice, and demonstrate the vital role of nursing in connecting theory to practice. Methods: Theory analysis was conducted using Walker and Avant's method with a focus on motivation for physical activity among adults. Evaluation of the origins, meaning, logical adequacy, usefulness, generalizability, parsimony, and testability of the HPM adds depth to understanding the theory and its application in clinical practice. Results: The HPM is logical, generalizable, and has been broadly applied and tested. Adaptations were made to the HPM to reflect updated knowledge and for application to adult motivation for physical activity. Implications for practice and future research: Thorough evaluation of the HPM facilitates application to clinical practice to impact physical activity health behavior change. Examining motivation for physical activity through the lens of the HPM can guide nursing engagement and interventions to enhance behavior changes.