Mucin utilization by gut microbiota: recent advances on characterization of key enzymes.

IF 5.6 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Essays in biochemistry Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI:10.1042/EBC20220121
Grete Raba, Ana S Luis
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引用次数: 5

Abstract

The gut microbiota interacts with the host through the mucus that covers and protects the gastrointestinal epithelium. The main component of the mucus are mucins, glycoproteins decorated with hundreds of different O-glycans. Some microbiota members can utilize mucin O-glycans as carbons source. To degrade these host glycans the bacteria express multiple carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) such as glycoside hydrolases, sulfatases and esterases which are active on specific linkages. The studies of these enzymes in an in vivo context have started to reveal their importance in mucin utilization and gut colonization. It is now clear that bacteria evolved multiple specific CAZymes to overcome the diversity of linkages found in O-glycans. Additionally, changes in mucin degradation by gut microbiota have been associated with diseases like obesity, diabetes, irritable bowel disease and colorectal cancer. Thereby understanding how CAZymes from different bacteria work to degrade mucins is of critical importance to develop new treatments and diagnostics for these increasingly prevalent health problems. This mini-review covers the recent advances in biochemical characterization of mucin O-glycan-degrading CAZymes and how they are connected to human health.

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肠道菌群对粘蛋白的利用:关键酶表征的最新进展。
肠道微生物群通过覆盖和保护胃肠道上皮的粘液与宿主相互作用。粘液的主要成分是粘蛋白,一种由数百种不同的o -聚糖修饰的糖蛋白。一些微生物群成员可以利用粘蛋白o -聚糖作为碳源。为了降解这些宿主聚糖,细菌表达多种碳水化合物活性酶(CAZymes),如糖苷水解酶、磺化酶和酯酶,这些酶在特定键上具有活性。这些酶在体内的研究已经开始揭示它们在粘蛋白利用和肠道定植中的重要性。现在很清楚,细菌进化出多种特定的CAZymes来克服o -聚糖中发现的键的多样性。此外,肠道微生物群对黏蛋白降解的改变与肥胖、糖尿病、肠易激病和结直肠癌等疾病有关。因此,了解来自不同细菌的酶是如何降解粘蛋白的,对于开发针对这些日益普遍的健康问题的新疗法和诊断方法至关重要。本文综述了粘蛋白o -聚糖降解酶的生化表征及其与人体健康的关系。
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来源期刊
Essays in biochemistry
Essays in biochemistry 生物-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
10.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
105
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Essays in Biochemistry publishes short, digestible reviews from experts highlighting recent key topics in biochemistry and the molecular biosciences. Written to be accessible for those not yet immersed in the subject, each article is an up-to-date, self-contained summary of the topic. Bridging the gap between the latest research and established textbooks, Essays in Biochemistry will tell you what you need to know to begin exploring the field, as each article includes the top take-home messages as summary points. Each issue of the journal is guest edited by a key opinion leader in the area, and whether you are continuing your studies or moving into a new research area, the Journal gives a complete picture in one place. Essays in Biochemistry is proud to publish Understanding Biochemistry, an essential online resource for post-16 students, teachers and undergraduates. Providing up-to-date overviews of key concepts in biochemistry and the molecular biosciences, the Understanding Biochemistry issues of Essays in Biochemistry are published annually in October.
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