Neuroscience research in the Max Planck Society and a broken relationship to the past: Some legacies of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society after 1948.

IF 0.3 3区 哲学 Q3 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Journal of the History of the Neurosciences Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI:10.1080/0964704X.2023.2182090
Frank W Stahnisch
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

The development of the brain sciences (Hirnforschung) in the Max Planck Society (MPG) during the early decades of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) was influenced by the legacy of its precursor institution, the Kaiser Wilhelm Society for the Advancement of Science (KWG). The KWG's brain science institutes, along with their intramural psychiatry and neurology research programs, were of considerable interest to the Western Allies and former administrators of the German science and education systems in their plans to rebuild the extra-university research society-first in the British Occupation Zone and later in the American and French Occupation Zones. This formation process occurred under the physicist Max Planck (1858-1947) as acting president, and the MPG was named in his honor when it was formally established in 1948. In comparison to other international developments in the brain sciences, it was neuropathology as well as neurohistology that initially dominated postwar brain research activities in West Germany. In regard to its KWG past, at least four historical factors can be identified that explain the dislocated structural and social features of the MPG during the postwar period: first, the disruption of previously existing interactions between German brain scientists and international colleagues; second, the German educational structures that countered interdisciplinary developments through their structural focus on medical research disciplines during the postwar period; third, the moral misconduct of earlier KWG scientists and scholars during the National Socialism period; and, fourth, the deep rupture that appeared through the forced migration of many Jewish and oppositional neuroscientists who sought to find exile after 1933 in countries where they had already held active collaborations since the 1910s and 1920s. This article examines several trends in the MPG's disrupted relational processes as it sought to grapple with its broken past, beginning with the period of reinauguration of relevant Max Planck Institutes in brain science and culminating with the establishment of the Presidential Research Program on the History of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society in National Socialism in 1997.

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马克斯·普朗克学会的神经科学研究和与过去的破碎关系:1948年后威廉皇帝学会的一些遗产。
德意志联邦共和国(FRG)成立初期,马克斯·普朗克学会(MPG)脑科学(Hirnforschung)的发展受到其前身德皇威廉科学促进会(KWG)遗产的影响。KWG的脑科学研究所,以及他们的校内精神病学和神经学研究项目,引起了西方盟国和前德国科学和教育系统管理者的极大兴趣,他们计划重建大学外的研究社会——首先在英国占领区,后来在美国和法国占领区。这一形成过程是在物理学家马克斯·普朗克(1858-1947)担任代理主席的情况下进行的,MPG在1948年正式成立时以他的名字命名。与脑科学的其他国际发展相比,神经病理学和神经组织学最初主导了战后西德的大脑研究活动。关于KWG的过去,至少可以确定四个历史因素来解释战后MPG的错位结构和社会特征:首先,德国脑科学家和国际同事之间先前存在的互动中断;第二,战后德国的教育结构以医学研究学科为结构重点,阻碍了跨学科的发展;第三,国家社会主义时期早期KWG科学家和学者的道德失范;第四,由于1933年后许多犹太和反对派神经科学家被迫迁移到他们自20世纪10年代和20年代以来一直积极合作的国家寻求流亡,出现了深刻的破裂。本文考察了MPG在试图与其破碎的过去作斗争时中断的关系过程中的几个趋势,从相关的马克斯·普朗克脑科学研究所的复辟时期开始,到1997年建立凯撒·威廉社会主义国家社会主义历史总统研究计划的高潮。
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来源期刊
Journal of the History of the Neurosciences
Journal of the History of the Neurosciences 社会科学-科学史与科学哲学
CiteScore
1.00
自引率
20.00%
发文量
55
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of the History of the Neurosciences is the leading communication platform dealing with the historical roots of the basic and applied neurosciences. Its domains cover historical perspectives and developments, including biographical studies, disorders, institutions, documents, and instrumentation in neurology, neurosurgery, neuropsychiatry, neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neurochemistry, neuropsychology, and the behavioral neurosciences. The history of ideas, changes in society and medicine, and the connections with other disciplines (e.g., the arts, philosophy, psychology) are welcome. In addition to original, full-length papers, the journal welcomes informative short communications, letters to the editors, book reviews, and contributions to its NeuroWords and Neurognostics columns. All manuscripts are subject to initial appraisal by an Editor, and, if found suitable for further consideration, full- and short-length papers are subject to peer review (double blind, if requested) by at least 2 anonymous referees.
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