Lucia Treppiccione, Diomira Luongo, Francesco Maurano, Mauro Rossi
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease that occurs in genetically predisposed individuals following the ingestion of gluten. Its prevalence is rising worldwide. A gluten-free (GF) diet is mandatory for the management of CD. However, several issues persist regarding the nutritional quality of GF products. Importantly, deep knowledge about the pathogenic mechanisms in CD highlights the central role of CD4+ T cell-mediated immunity in CD. Furthermore, intestinal T regulatory cells are functional in CD, but cytokines such as IL-15, produced under inflammatory conditions, hamper their activity. This paves the way for the development of immunomodulatory strategies to the GF diet. From this perspective, microbiological approaches were considered able to modulate the gluten-specific immune response. Interestingly, gliadin peptide-based immunotherapy to abolish the inflammatory CD4+T cell-mediated response has been explored in CD patients. Furthermore, different biotechnological approaches based on the use of chemically/enzymatically modified gluten molecules have been proved effective in different models of CD. However, the choice of the right age in infants to introduce the antigen and thus induce tolerance still remains an important issue to solve. Addressing all these points should help to design an effective intervention strategy for preventing CD.
期刊介绍:
This review journal provides the most current information on basic and translational research in immunology and related fields. In addition to invited reviews, the journal accepts for publication articles and editorials on relevant topics proposed by contributors. Each issue of International Reviews of Immunology contains both solicited and unsolicited review articles, editorials, and ''In-this-Issue'' highlights. The journal also hosts reviews that position the authors'' original work relative to advances in a given field, bridging the gap between annual reviews and the original research articles.
This review series is relevant to all immunologists, molecular biologists, microbiologists, translational scientists, industry researchers, and physicians who work in basic and clinical immunology, inflammatory and allergic diseases, vaccines, and additional topics relevant to medical research and drug development that connect immunology to disciplines such as oncology, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders.
Covered in International Reviews of Immunology: Basic and developmental immunology (innate and adaptive immunity; inflammation; and tumor and microbial immunology); Clinical research (mechanisms of disease in man pertaining to infectious diseases, autoimmunity, allergy, oncology / immunology); and Translational research (relevant to biomarkers, diagnostics, vaccines, and drug development).