Anxiety is associated with coronary microvascular dysfunction: Results from the CAMADA study

Abstract

Objective

Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is an important component of ischemic heart disease. Here, we assessed the associations between anxiety/depression and CMD using coronary microvascular function indicators.

Methods

The study included 81 patients (26 males and 55 females) with nonobstructive coronary artery disease. The symptoms of anxiety and depression were measured with Self-rating Anxiety Scale and Self-rating Depression Scale. Coronary microvascular function was assessed using coronary flow reserve (CFR) measured by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography.

Results

The anxiety group had significantly lower CFR than that in the no-anxiety group (2.97 ± 0.63 vs. 3.40 ± 0.61, p = .029). In bivariate correlation analysis, anxiety was negatively associated with CFR (r = −.333, p = .002). In the multiple linear regression model, after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking status, and family history of premature coronary heart disease, anxiety was negatively associated with CFR (β = −.314, p = .008). When both anxiety and depression were included in the multiple linear regression model, anxiety was also negatively associated with CFR (β = −.345, p = .012).

Conclusion

Anxiety patients had lower CFR, anxiety was independently associated with CFR. Psychological disorders may play an important role in coronary microvascular dysfunction.