Hemispheric dissociations in regions supporting auditory sentence comprehension in older adults

IF 1.7 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Aging brain Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI:10.1016/j.nbas.2022.100051
Yune Sang Lee , Chad S. Rogers , Murray Grossman , Arthur Wingfield , Jonathan E. Peelle
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

We investigated how the aging brain copes with acoustic and syntactic challenges during spoken language comprehension. Thirty-eight healthy adults aged 54 – 80 years (M = 66 years) participated in an fMRI experiment wherein listeners indicated the gender of an agent in short spoken sentences that varied in syntactic complexity (object-relative vs subject-relative center-embedded clause structures) and acoustic richness (high vs low spectral detail, but all intelligible). We found widespread activity throughout a bilateral frontotemporal network during successful sentence comprehension. Consistent with prior reports, bilateral inferior frontal gyrus and left posterior superior temporal gyrus were more active in response to object-relative sentences than to subject-relative sentences. Moreover, several regions were significantly correlated with individual differences in task performance: Activity in right frontoparietal cortex and left cerebellum (Crus I & II) showed a negative correlation with overall comprehension. By contrast, left frontotemporal areas and right cerebellum (Lobule VII) showed a negative correlation with accuracy specifically for syntactically complex sentences. In addition, laterality analyses confirmed a lack of hemispheric lateralization in activity evoked by sentence stimuli in older adults. Importantly, we found different hemispheric roles, with a left-lateralized core language network supporting syntactic operations, and right-hemisphere regions coming into play to aid in general cognitive demands during spoken sentence processing. Together our findings support the view that high levels of language comprehension in older adults are maintained by a close interplay between a core left hemisphere language network and additional neural resources in the contralateral hemisphere.

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老年人支持听觉句子理解区域的半球分离
我们研究了老化的大脑在口语理解过程中如何应对声学和句法挑战。38名年龄在54 - 80 岁(M = 66 岁)的健康成年人参加了一项功能磁共振成像实验,在实验中,听者在句法复杂性(客体相对与主体相对的中心嵌入子句结构)和声学丰富性(高光谱细节与低光谱细节,但都是可理解的)不同的短口语句子中指出一个主体的性别。我们发现,在成功理解句子的过程中,双侧额颞叶网络普遍活跃。与先前的报道一致,双侧额下回和左侧颞后上回对客体相关句子的反应比对主体相关句子的反应更活跃。此外,有几个区域与任务表现的个体差异显著相关:右额顶叶皮层和左小脑的活动(小腿I &II)与整体理解呈负相关。相比之下,左侧额颞区和右侧小脑(第七小叶)与句法复杂句子的准确性呈负相关。此外,侧性分析证实了老年人在句子刺激引起的活动中缺乏半球侧化。重要的是,我们发现了不同半球的作用,左半球的核心语言网络支持句法操作,而右半球区域在口语句子处理过程中起作用,帮助一般认知需求。总之,我们的研究结果支持这样一种观点,即老年人的高水平语言理解是由左半球核心语言网络和对侧半球额外的神经资源之间的密切相互作用维持的。
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Aging brain
Aging brain Neuroscience (General), Geriatrics and Gerontology
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