Legalities of Healing: Handling Alterities at the Edge of Medicine in France, 1980s-2010s.

IF 0.9 3区 哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Osiris Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI:10.1086/713659
Emilie Cloatre, Nayeli Urquiza-Haas, Michael Ashworth
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

The practice of healing by anyone other than qualified doctors or pharmacists has been allegedly illegal in France since the nineteenth century. In this judicial order, the state delegated the power to oversee the boundaries of medicine to doctors and pharmacists, allowing them, with support from criminal courts, to determine which therapeutic techniques should remain their exclusive right. In practice, this apparently neat legal system was never clear-cut; therapists without medical qualifications continued to infringe upon spaces that doctors and pharmacists saw as their preserve, often carving out zones of juridical tolerance. In the 1980s and 1990s, negotiations over the legality or illegality of different kinds of healing intensified. Alternative therapies, such as acupuncture and herbalism, had gained in popularity and their practitioners were keen to negotiate a legal position that would make their work licit. While some succeeded, others got entangled in a new governmental framework that characterized alternative medicines as gateways to "sects." This article examines these developments and explains how new juridical techniques to govern certaintherapies arose in the 1990s. These operated through decentralized surveillance systems that enrolled new actors. These included agencies dedicated to monitoring sects; associations of victims; and individuals such as users, their families, or health professionals. Together, they aimed to "prevent" deviant behavior, thereby fostering what is today one of the most peculiar features of the way the French state regulates alternative healing, which it considers potentially "cult-like."

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治疗的合法性:20世纪80年代至2010年代法国医学边缘的处理变化。
自19世纪以来,除合格的医生或药剂师以外的任何人进行治疗在法国都是非法的。在这一司法命令中,国家将监督医疗边界的权力下放给了医生和药剂师,允许他们在刑事法院的支持下,决定哪些治疗技术应该保留他们的专有权利。在实践中,这个表面上整洁的法律体系从未明确过;没有医疗资格的治疗师继续侵犯医生和药剂师认为属于他们的空间,经常开辟出司法宽容的区域。在20世纪80年代和90年代,关于各种治疗的合法性或非法性的谈判愈演愈烈。替代疗法,如针灸和草药疗法,越来越受欢迎,他们的从业者热衷于谈判一个法律地位,使他们的工作合法。虽然一些人成功了,但另一些人却陷入了一种新的政府框架,这种框架将替代药物描述为通往“教派”的门户。本文考察了这些发展,并解释了在20世纪90年代如何出现新的司法技术来管理某些疗法。这些活动通过分散的监控系统运作,招募新的参与者。这些机构包括专门监测教派的机构;受害者协会;以及使用者、其家人或卫生专业人员等个人。他们的共同目标是“防止”越轨行为,从而形成了法国政府监管另类治疗方式中最奇特的特征之一,被认为可能“像邪教一样”。
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来源期刊
Osiris
Osiris 管理科学-科学史与科学哲学
CiteScore
1.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
18
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Founded in 1936 by George Sarton, and relaunched by the History of Science Society in 1985, Osiris is an annual thematic journal that highlights research on significant themes in the history of science. Recent volumes have included Scientific Masculinities, History of Science and the Emotions, and Data Histories.
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Front and Back Matter Notes on the Contributors Acknowledgments Statecraft by Algorithms Introduction
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