Cognitive Reserve and Cognitive Functioning among Oldest Old Adults: Findings from the Georgia Centenarian Study.

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q4 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY Experimental Aging Research Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Epub Date: 2022-08-05 DOI:10.1080/0361073X.2022.2106717

Peter Martin, Yasuyuki Gondo, Gina Lee, John L Woodard, L Steven Miller, Leonard W Poon

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Abstract

Objectives: Living a long life does not guarantee the maintenance of optimal cognitive functioning; however, similar to older adults in general, cognitive reserve may also protect oldest-old adults from cognitive decline. The purpose of this study was to assess cognitive reserve among centenarians and octogenarians and to evaluate a process model of cognitive reserve.

Methods: A total of 321 centenarians and octogenarians from the Georgia Centenarian Study were included in this study. Cognitive reserve components included level of education, occupational responsibility, current social engagement, past engaged lifestyle, and activity. Cognitive functioning was measured with the Mini-Mental Status Examination.

Results: Structural equation modeling was computed, and the overall model fit well, χ2 (df = 3) = 5.02, p = .17; CFI = .99, RMSEA = .05. Education is directly and indirectly related to cognitive functioning through occupational responsibility and past engaged lifestyle. Current social engagement is related to cognitive functioning directly and indirectly through current activities. The four direct predictors (i.e., education, current social engagement, current activity, and past engaged lifestyle) explained 35% of the variance in cognitive functioning.

Conclusion: The results provide important information for cognitive reserve theories with implications for interventions that build cognitive reserve.

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高龄老人的认知储备和认知功能：佐治亚州百岁老人研究的结果。

目的：长寿并不能保证保持最佳的认知功能；然而，与一般老年人类似，认知储备也可以保护最年长的老年人免于认知功能衰退。本研究旨在评估百岁老人和八旬老人的认知储备，并评估认知储备的过程模型：本研究共纳入了佐治亚百岁老人研究（Georgia Centenarian Study）中的 321 名百岁老人和八旬老人。认知储备的组成部分包括教育水平、职业责任、当前社会参与度、过去参与的生活方式和活动。认知功能通过小型精神状况检查进行测量：计算了结构方程模型，整体模型拟合良好，χ2（df = 3）= 5.02，p = .17；CFI = .99，RMSEA = .05。教育通过职业责任和过去参与的生活方式与认知功能直接或间接相关。当前的社会参与通过当前的活动直接或间接地与认知功能相关。四个直接预测因子（即教育、当前社会参与、当前活动和过去参与的生活方式）解释了认知功能变异的 35%：结论：研究结果为认知储备理论提供了重要信息，并对建立认知储备的干预措施产生了影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Experimental Aging Research 医学-老年医学

CiteScore

3.60

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Experimental Aging Research is a life span developmental and aging journal dealing with research on the aging process from a psychological and psychobiological perspective. It meets the need for a scholarly journal with refereed scientific papers dealing with age differences and age changes at any point in the adult life span. Areas of major focus include experimental psychology, neuropsychology, psychobiology, work research, ergonomics, and behavioral medicine. Original research, book reviews, monographs, and papers covering special topics are published.