Making Use of Existing International Legal Mechanisms to Manage the Global Antimicrobial Commons: Identifying Legal Hooks and Institutional Mandates.

IF 1.8 3区哲学 Q2 ETHICS Health Care Analysis Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI:10.1007/s10728-020-00393-y

Susan Rogers Van Katwyk, Isaac Weldon, Alberto Giubilini, Claas Kirchhelle, Mark Harrison, Angela McLean, Julian Savulescu, Steven J Hoffman

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引用次数: 14

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an urgent threat to global public health and development. Mitigating this threat requires substantial short-term action on key AMR priorities. While international legal agreements are the strongest mechanism for ensuring collaboration among countries, negotiating new international agreements can be a slow process. In the second article in this special issue, we consider whether harnessing existing international legal agreements offers an opportunity to increase collective action on AMR goals in the short-term. We highlight ten AMR priorities and several strategies for achieving these goals using existing "legal hooks" that draw on elements of international environmental, trade and health laws governing related matters that could be used as they exist or revised to include AMR. We also consider the institutional mandates of international authorities to highlight areas where additional steps could be taken on AMR without constitutional changes. Overall, we identify 37 possible mechanisms to strengthen AMR governance using the International Health Regulations, the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade, the International Convention on the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, and the Basel, Rotterdam, and Stockholm conventions. Although we identify many shorter-term opportunities for addressing AMR using existing legal hooks, none of these options are capable of comprehensively addressing all global governance challenges related to AMR, such that they should be pursued simultaneously with longer-term approaches including a dedicated international legal agreement on AMR.

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利用现有国际法律机制管理全球抗微生物药物公域:确定法律挂钩和机构任务。

抗微生物药物耐药性(AMR)是对全球公共卫生和发展的紧迫威胁。减轻这一威胁需要在关键的抗菌素耐药性优先事项上采取实质性的短期行动。虽然国际法律协定是确保国家间合作的最强有力的机制，但谈判新的国际协定可能是一个缓慢的过程。在本期特刊的第二篇文章中，我们考虑利用现有的国际法律协议是否提供了在短期内增加抗微生物药物耐药性目标的集体行动的机会。我们强调了抗菌素耐药性的十个优先事项以及利用现有的“法律挂钩”实现这些目标的若干战略，这些“法律挂钩”借鉴了管理相关事项的国际环境、贸易和卫生法的要素，这些要素可以在现有的情况下使用，或经修订后纳入抗菌素耐药性。我们还考虑国际当局的机构授权，以突出在不修改宪法的情况下可以对抗菌素耐药性采取进一步步骤的领域。总体而言，我们通过《国际卫生条例》、《实施卫生与植物检疫措施协定》、《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》、《技术性贸易壁垒协定》、《商品名称和编码统一制度国际公约》以及《巴塞尔公约》、《鹿特丹公约》和《斯德哥尔摩公约》，确定了37种加强抗生素耐药性治理的可能机制。尽管我们确定了利用现有法律手段解决抗菌素耐药性问题的许多短期机会，但这些选择都无法全面解决与抗菌素耐药性有关的所有全球治理挑战，因此，它们应该与包括专门的抗菌素耐药性国际法律协议在内的长期方法同时进行。

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来源期刊

Health Care Analysis Multiple-

CiteScore

4.20

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0.00%

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期刊介绍： Health Care Analysis is a journal that promotes dialogue and debate about conceptual and normative issues related to health and health care, including health systems, healthcare provision, health law, public policy and health, professional health practice, health services organization and decision-making, and health-related education at all levels of clinical medicine, public health and global health. Health Care Analysis seeks to support the conversation between philosophy and policy, in particular illustrating the importance of conceptual and normative analysis to health policy, practice and research. As such, papers accepted for publication are likely to analyse philosophical questions related to health, health care or health policy that focus on one or more of the following: aims or ends, theories, frameworks, concepts, principles, values or ideology. All styles of theoretical analysis are welcome providing that they illuminate conceptual or normative issues and encourage debate between those interested in health, philosophy and policy. Papers must be rigorous, but should strive for accessibility – with care being taken to ensure that their arguments and implications are plain to a broad academic and international audience. In addition to purely theoretical papers, papers grounded in empirical research or case-studies are very welcome so long as they explore the conceptual or normative implications of such work. Authors are encouraged, where possible, to have regard to the social contexts of the issues they are discussing, and all authors should ensure that they indicate the ‘real world’ implications of their work. Health Care Analysis publishes contributions from philosophers, lawyers, social scientists, healthcare educators, healthcare professionals and administrators, and other health-related academics and policy analysts.