Recent developments in plant-downy mildew interactions

IF 6.2 2区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY Seminars in cell & developmental biology Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI:10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.01.010
Mahmut Tör , Tom Wood , Anne Webb , Deniz Göl , John M. McDowell
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Abstract

Downy mildews are obligate oomycete pathogens that attack a wide range of plants and can cause significant economic impacts on commercial crops and ornamental plants. Traditionally, downy mildew disease control relied on an integrated strategies, that incorporate cultural practices, deployment of resistant cultivars, crop rotation, application of contact and systemic pesticides, and biopesticides. Recent advances in genomics provided data that significantly advanced understanding of downy mildew evolution, taxonomy and classification. In addition, downy mildew genomics also revealed that these obligate oomycetes have reduced numbers of virulence factor genes in comparison to hemibiotrophic and necrotrophic oomycetes. However, downy mildews do deploy significant arrays of virulence proteins, including so-called RXLR proteins that promote virulence or are recognized as avirulence factors. Pathogenomics are being applied to downy mildew population studies to determine the genetic diversity within the downy mildew populations and manage disease by selection of appropriate varieties and management strategies. Genome editing technologies have been used to manipulate host disease susceptibility genes in different plants including grapevine and sweet basil and thereby provide new soucres of resistance genes against downy mildews. Previously, it has proved difficult to transform and manipulate downy mildews because of their obligate lifestyle. However, recent exploitation of RNA interference machinery through Host-Induced Gene Silencing (HIGS) and Spray-Induced Gene Silencing (SIGS) indicate that functional genomics in downy mildews is now possible. Altogether, these breakthrough technologies and attendant fundamental understanding will advance our ability to mitigate downy mildew diseases.

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植物与霜霉相互作用的最新进展
霜霉是专性卵菌病原体,可攻击多种植物,并可对商业作物和观赏植物造成重大经济影响。传统上,霜霉菌病控制依赖于综合策略,包括培养实践、抗性品种的部署、作物轮作、接触和系统杀虫剂的应用以及生物杀虫剂。基因组学的最新进展提供了数据,极大地促进了对霜霉菌进化、分类学和分类的理解。此外,霜霉菌基因组学还表明,与半生物营养型和坏死营养型卵菌相比,这些专性卵菌的毒力因子基因数量减少。然而,绒毛霉菌确实部署了大量的毒力蛋白,包括所谓的RXLR蛋白,这些蛋白可以促进毒力或被认为是无毒因子。病原学正被应用于霜霉菌种群研究,以确定霜霉菌种群内的遗传多样性,并通过选择合适的品种和管理策略来控制疾病。基因组编辑技术已被用于操纵包括葡萄藤和甜罗勒在内的不同植物中的宿主病易感性基因,从而提供新的抗霜霉病基因库。以前,事实证明,由于绒毛霉菌的生活方式,很难对其进行改造和操作。然而,最近通过宿主诱导的基因沉默(HIGS)和喷雾诱导的基因静音(SIGS)对RNA干扰机制的开发表明,霜霉菌的功能基因组学现在是可能的。总之,这些突破性技术和随之而来的基本理解将提高我们减轻霜霉菌疾病的能力。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
15.10
自引率
1.40%
发文量
310
审稿时长
9.1 weeks
期刊介绍: Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology is a review journal dedicated to keeping scientists informed of developments in the field of molecular cell and developmental biology, on a topic by topic basis. Each issue is thematic in approach, devoted to an important topic of interest to cell and developmental biologists, focusing on the latest advances and their specific implications. The aim of each issue is to provide a coordinated, readable, and lively review of a selected area, published rapidly to ensure currency.
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Diverse genetic conflicts mediated by molecular mimicry and computational approaches to detect them Outside Front Cover Editorial Board/Publication Information From the cauldron of conflict: Endogenous gene regulation by piRNA and other modes of adaptation enabled by selfish transposable elements Outside Front Cover
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