Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103665
Sanjay Sunil Kumar , Katharina Uphoff , Sophie Hötte , Verena Prokosch , Stefan Schulte-Merker , Dörte Schulte-Ostermann
The lymphatic vascular system maintains fluid homeostasis, allows uptake of dietary lipids, and serves as a conduit for immune cell trafficking. Functional aspects of the lymphatic vasculature are governed by specific features of lymphatic endothelial cells that line these vessels. Dysfunction of lymphatic endothelial cells can result in various consequences at the organ and at the systemic level including lymphedema formation. In this review, we explore the underlying molecular mechanisms and signaling cascades that drive lymphatic development and vessel formation. We discuss human genetic disorders that lead to primary lymphedema and corresponding in vivo disease models that have helped to expand our molecular understanding pertaining to the signaling cascades governing lymphatic vessel development and maturation, in particular the VEGFC/VEGFR3 and ANG/TIE signaling axes. Furthermore, we highlight recent advancements regarding the anatomy and function of meningeal lymphatics and the Schlemm's canal in the context of development and disease.
{"title":"A cellular and molecular perspective on organotypic lymphatic (dys)function","authors":"Sanjay Sunil Kumar , Katharina Uphoff , Sophie Hötte , Verena Prokosch , Stefan Schulte-Merker , Dörte Schulte-Ostermann","doi":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The lymphatic vascular system maintains fluid homeostasis, allows uptake of dietary lipids, and serves as a conduit for immune cell trafficking. Functional aspects of the lymphatic vasculature are governed by specific features of lymphatic endothelial cells that line these vessels. Dysfunction of lymphatic endothelial cells can result in various consequences at the organ and at the systemic level including lymphedema formation. In this review, we explore the underlying molecular mechanisms and signaling cascades that drive lymphatic development and vessel formation. We discuss human genetic disorders that lead to primary lymphedema and corresponding <em>in vivo</em> disease models that have helped to expand our molecular understanding pertaining to the signaling cascades governing lymphatic vessel development and maturation, in particular the VEGFC/VEGFR3 and ANG/TIE signaling axes. Furthermore, we highlight recent advancements regarding the anatomy and function of meningeal lymphatics and the Schlemm's canal in the context of development and disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21735,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in cell & developmental biology","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 103665"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145753861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103664
Marga Albu , David Sedmera , Didier Y.R. Stainier
The sinus node, at the venous end of the heart, automatically generates the electrical impulses that initiate each heart beat and set the heart’s rhythm. From the sinus node, these action potentials are transmitted by specialized structures including initially the atrial inner muscle bundles. Congenital malformations of the atrial wall and the corrective procedures used to treat them frequently disrupt atrial physiology, thereby increasing the risk of arrhythmias. Understanding how the atrial inner muscle bundles develop could therefore facilitate therapeutic strategies. Here, we discuss recent findings on the development of the atrial inner wall and contextualize it with the better understood process of ventricular wall development. Atrial wall architecture varies across species, leading to differences in the patterns of action potential propagation and cardiac contractions. More basal vertebrates such as fish and amphibians (e.g., axolotls) display a webbed-like atrial inner myocardium, whereas mammals develop hierarchically patterned atrial inner muscle structures. This architectural evolution may be associated with the higher cardiovascular requirements of homeothermic organisms. Although the complexity of the atrial inner wall appears to be critical for cardiac function, how it emerges has only recently started being investigated. Oriented action potential propagation correlates with the appearance of the first inner muscle bundles in the chick atrium. Recent studies in zebrafish have shown that atrial cardiomyocytes elongate and intercalate to form multilayered inner structures important for optimal cardiac function. Notably, the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind inner wall emergence differ between the atrium and ventricle. Altogether, these findings lay the foundation for future research into atrial morphogenesis and chamber-specific therapies for congenital heart defects.
{"title":"Recent insights into atrial chamber formation","authors":"Marga Albu , David Sedmera , Didier Y.R. Stainier","doi":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sinus node, at the venous end of the heart, automatically generates the electrical impulses that initiate each heart beat and set the heart’s rhythm. From the sinus node, these action potentials are transmitted by specialized structures including initially the atrial inner muscle bundles. Congenital malformations of the atrial wall and the corrective procedures used to treat them frequently disrupt atrial physiology, thereby increasing the risk of arrhythmias. Understanding how the atrial inner muscle bundles develop could therefore facilitate therapeutic strategies. Here, we discuss recent findings on the development of the atrial inner wall and contextualize it with the better understood process of ventricular wall development. Atrial wall architecture varies across species, leading to differences in the patterns of action potential propagation and cardiac contractions. More basal vertebrates such as fish and amphibians (e.g., axolotls) display a webbed-like atrial inner myocardium, whereas mammals develop hierarchically patterned atrial inner muscle structures. This architectural evolution may be associated with the higher cardiovascular requirements of homeothermic organisms. Although the complexity of the atrial inner wall appears to be critical for cardiac function, how it emerges has only recently started being investigated. Oriented action potential propagation correlates with the appearance of the first inner muscle bundles in the chick atrium. Recent studies in zebrafish have shown that atrial cardiomyocytes elongate and intercalate to form multilayered inner structures important for optimal cardiac function. Notably, the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind inner wall emergence differ between the atrium and ventricle. Altogether, these findings lay the foundation for future research into atrial morphogenesis and chamber-specific therapies for congenital heart defects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21735,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in cell & developmental biology","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 103664"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145565027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103666
Matthias Függer , Thomas Nowak , Kerian Thuillier
Biological systems are mastering the art of composing cells into colonies, tissues, and organisms. This article reviews striking similarities and differences between such biological systems and distributed computing systems, where computational units are composed to form larger systems with the goal of increasing computational power, enhancing system robustness, or overcoming spatial distances.
A problem that recurs in many contexts in distributed systems is obtaining a consistent view of part of the system by its agents. Such problems, known as agreement problems in distributed computing, have been extensively studied across different computational models, varying, for example, in the extent to which the network is stable or dynamic.
Motivated by the importance of agreement problems, we discuss examples ranging from simple to more complex cases, the latter in the context of optimization: agents solving graph optimization problems, searching for optima in arbitrary loss landscapes, and applying gradient-based techniques closely related to widely adopted artificial neural networks.
We then discuss the reverse direction: distributed systems implemented with biological material. In particular, we detail a theoretical distributed computing model and algorithm targeted toward implementation in bacterial populations.
We conclude with an outlook on what we consider the beginning of a promising intersection between distributed computing and biology, highlighting opportunities for both understanding natural systems and engineering novel distributed systems, both biological and in silico.
{"title":"Distributed computing inspired by biology","authors":"Matthias Függer , Thomas Nowak , Kerian Thuillier","doi":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biological systems are mastering the art of composing cells into colonies, tissues, and organisms. This article reviews striking similarities and differences between such biological systems and distributed computing systems, where computational units are composed to form larger systems with the goal of increasing computational power, enhancing system robustness, or overcoming spatial distances.</div><div>A problem that recurs in many contexts in distributed systems is obtaining a consistent view of part of the system by its agents. Such problems, known as agreement problems in distributed computing, have been extensively studied across different computational models, varying, for example, in the extent to which the network is stable or dynamic.</div><div>Motivated by the importance of agreement problems, we discuss examples ranging from simple to more complex cases, the latter in the context of optimization: agents solving graph optimization problems, searching for optima in arbitrary loss landscapes, and applying gradient-based techniques closely related to widely adopted artificial neural networks.</div><div>We then discuss the reverse direction: distributed systems implemented with biological material. In particular, we detail a theoretical distributed computing model and algorithm targeted toward implementation in bacterial populations.</div><div>We conclude with an outlook on what we consider the beginning of a promising intersection between distributed computing and biology, highlighting opportunities for both understanding natural systems and engineering novel distributed systems, both biological and in silico.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21735,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in cell & developmental biology","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 103666"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145550521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103657
David I. Kaplan , Xiang Guo , Sasuni D. Hirimuthugoda , Lachlan Cain , Sirui Weng , David Le , James Comben , Anna S. Trigos
Spatial transcriptomics (ST) has emerged as a powerful tool in cancer research, significantly expanding our capacity to study the complexity of tumour ecosystems. Together with the diversity of ST platforms, a plethora of analysis approaches and tools have been developed with the goal of extracting distinct aspects of biological information contained in the data. From visualizing gene expression in the context of tissue structure and cell morphology, to the exploitation of machine learning and spatial statistics to identify cell neighbourhoods, quantify tumour heterogeneity and map cell-cell signalling networks, there is a current explosion of novel analyses techniques. Unfortunately, this makes it challenging to develop workflows and strategies for data analysis, especially for those new to the field. This review serves to offer a path to cancer researchers who recognise the potential of ST and would like to start their data analysis journey. We cover the main analysis approaches used to address common research questions associated with ST data in cancer, highlighting commonly used tools, as well as discuss emerging analysis techniques that hold the potential to leverage the richness of the data at an unprecedented scale. Finally, we end by highlighting considerations when designing ST projects, from experimental design, to assembling teams and managing the rapid flux of ST technologies. We anticipate this review will be useful resource for researchers to not just seek analysis strategies to answer their current research questions, but also provide inspiration to further take advantage of the wealth of information provided by ST data.
{"title":"How to get the most out of your cancer spatial transcriptomics data","authors":"David I. Kaplan , Xiang Guo , Sasuni D. Hirimuthugoda , Lachlan Cain , Sirui Weng , David Le , James Comben , Anna S. Trigos","doi":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spatial transcriptomics (ST) has emerged as a powerful tool in cancer research, significantly expanding our capacity to study the complexity of tumour ecosystems. Together with the diversity of ST platforms, a plethora of analysis approaches and tools have been developed with the goal of extracting distinct aspects of biological information contained in the data. From visualizing gene expression in the context of tissue structure and cell morphology, to the exploitation of machine learning and spatial statistics to identify cell neighbourhoods, quantify tumour heterogeneity and map cell-cell signalling networks, there is a current explosion of novel analyses techniques. Unfortunately, this makes it challenging to develop workflows and strategies for data analysis, especially for those new to the field. This review serves to offer a path to cancer researchers who recognise the potential of ST and would like to start their data analysis journey. We cover the main analysis approaches used to address common research questions associated with ST data in cancer, highlighting commonly used tools, as well as discuss emerging analysis techniques that hold the potential to leverage the richness of the data at an unprecedented scale. Finally, we end by highlighting considerations when designing ST projects, from experimental design, to assembling teams and managing the rapid flux of ST technologies. We anticipate this review will be useful resource for researchers to not just seek analysis strategies to answer their current research questions, but also provide inspiration to further take advantage of the wealth of information provided by ST data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21735,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in cell & developmental biology","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 103657"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145318449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103661
A. Erlich , S. Harmansa
Morphogenesis, the process by which an organism develops its shape, is orchestrated by a complex interplay of genetic, biochemical, and mechanical factors. While myosin-driven contractility has been widely acknowledged as a critical driver of tissue shaping, emerging evidence suggests that differential growth (i.e. variations in growth rates within or between tissues) plays an equally vital role. Differential growth generates mechanical stresses that drive deformations at both cellular and tissue scales, shaping functional organ morphologies. This review introduces the core principles of growth mechanics in animal tissues and demonstrates how differential growth contributes to the generation of mechanical stresses that shape organs through processes such as folding, bending, and buckling, especially when different tissue layers or extracellular matrices impose external constraints. Furthermore, because cells can sense and respond to stresses, we highlight how integrating theoretical modelling with experimental data deepens our understanding of the feedback loops by which growth-induced stresses arise and mechanically guide functional shapes. Our aim is to engage developmental biologists by highlighting well-established insights from solid mechanics and plant biology on differential growth as a means to generate stress and shape tissue, complementing and extending the traditional focus on contractility.
{"title":"How growth-induced stresses guide shape changes during animal morphogenesis: Mechanisms and implications","authors":"A. Erlich , S. Harmansa","doi":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Morphogenesis, the process by which an organism develops its shape, is orchestrated by a complex interplay of genetic, biochemical, and mechanical factors. While myosin-driven contractility has been widely acknowledged as a critical driver of tissue shaping, emerging evidence suggests that differential growth (i.e. variations in growth rates within or between tissues) plays an equally vital role. Differential growth generates mechanical stresses that drive deformations at both cellular and tissue scales, shaping functional organ morphologies. This review introduces the core principles of growth mechanics in animal tissues and demonstrates how differential growth contributes to the generation of mechanical stresses that shape organs through processes such as folding, bending, and buckling, especially when different tissue layers or extracellular matrices impose external constraints. Furthermore, because cells can sense and respond to stresses, we highlight how integrating theoretical modelling with experimental data deepens our understanding of the feedback loops by which growth-induced stresses arise and mechanically guide functional shapes. Our aim is to engage developmental biologists by highlighting well-established insights from solid mechanics and plant biology on differential growth as a means to generate stress and shape tissue, complementing and extending the traditional focus on contractility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21735,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in cell & developmental biology","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 103661"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103662
Ronan Bouzignac, Magali Suzanne
Mechanical forces play essential roles during morphogenesis, enabling cells to change shape or reorganize to form new structures. Recent questions in the field of mechanobiology focus on how these locally generated forces propagate and the extent of their propagation. This phenomenon can be observed at multiple scales (across tissues, where supracellular actomyosin structures interconnected at cell–cell junctions transmit forces, or within individual cells, where mechanical cues can influence the nucleus). In the first part of this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of force propagation along epithelial apical surfaces, including factors that facilitate it, such as tissue curvature and polarity. In the second part, we examine how mechanical forces affect nuclear shape and integrity at the single-cell level, beginning with in vitro studies of nuclear responses to mechanical stress and extending to the less-explored mechanical behavior of nuclei in more complex, integrated model systems.
{"title":"Mechanics of force transmission in epithelia: From cell-to-cell propagation to nuclear response","authors":"Ronan Bouzignac, Magali Suzanne","doi":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mechanical forces play essential roles during morphogenesis, enabling cells to change shape or reorganize to form new structures. Recent questions in the field of mechanobiology focus on how these locally generated forces propagate and the extent of their propagation. This phenomenon can be observed at multiple scales (across tissues, where supracellular actomyosin structures interconnected at cell–cell junctions transmit forces, or within individual cells, where mechanical cues can influence the nucleus). In the first part of this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of force propagation along epithelial apical surfaces, including factors that facilitate it, such as tissue curvature and polarity. In the second part, we examine how mechanical forces affect nuclear shape and integrity at the single-cell level, beginning with <em>in vitro</em> studies of nuclear responses to mechanical stress and extending to the less-explored mechanical behavior of nuclei in more complex, integrated model systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21735,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in cell & developmental biology","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 103662"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145308365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-08DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103659
Chii Jou Chan
{"title":"Editorial for special issue: Environmental control of oogenesis and ovulatory dynamics","authors":"Chii Jou Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103659","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21735,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in cell & developmental biology","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 103659"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-08DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103660
Dheeraj Rayamajhi , Sudipto Roy
Multiciliated cells (MCCs) differentiate numerous motile cilia on their apical surface. Beating of these ciliary arrays drive organismal locomotion in fluid medium and function to promote fluid flow over epithelia in various tissues. Besides these mechanical functions, MCC cilia are also sensory organelles, capable of transducing a variety of environmental and intercellular signals. Defective form and functioning of these cells can lead to a variety of clinical manifestations in humans, ranging from severe airway disease to infertility. This review gives an overview of multiple aspects of the biology of MCCs such as their distribution in plants and animals, the gene regulatory networks that organize their specification and differentiation, particularly the latest insights into the fascinating ability of post-mitotic MCC precursor cells to generate hundreds of centrioles for multiciliation. We also discuss how disruption to MCC formation or abnormalities in their ciliary motility cause ciliopathies, affecting multiple organs of the human body, and current status of treatment for these diseases.
{"title":"Multiciliated cells: Development, functions and disease relevance","authors":"Dheeraj Rayamajhi , Sudipto Roy","doi":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multiciliated cells (MCCs) differentiate numerous motile cilia on their apical surface. Beating of these ciliary arrays drive organismal locomotion in fluid medium and function to promote fluid flow over epithelia in various tissues. Besides these mechanical functions, MCC cilia are also sensory organelles, capable of transducing a variety of environmental and intercellular signals. Defective form and functioning of these cells can lead to a variety of clinical manifestations in humans, ranging from severe airway disease to infertility. This review gives an overview of multiple aspects of the biology of MCCs such as their distribution in plants and animals, the gene regulatory networks that organize their specification and differentiation, particularly the latest insights into the fascinating ability of post-mitotic MCC precursor cells to generate hundreds of centrioles for multiciliation. We also discuss how disruption to MCC formation or abnormalities in their ciliary motility cause ciliopathies, affecting multiple organs of the human body, and current status of treatment for these diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21735,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in cell & developmental biology","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 103660"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-08-09DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103641
Lucas Ribas, Rita Mateus
Accurate growth control is critical for the achievement of proportional organs during animal development and repair processes. Either extra or deficient growth rates lead to organ functional impairment. The understanding of how organs acquire, recover, and fine-tune their final size has been a long-lasting biological problem. How do organs measure their current size? This review is centered on this question through the lens of the physical properties governing cell communication mechanisms. In particular, we highlight and discuss new insight into the dynamic connections between several cellular control mechanisms that operate at different timescales to regulate organ growth and morphogenesis.
{"title":"Start-Shape-Stop: Cell communication mechanisms controlling organ size.","authors":"Lucas Ribas, Rita Mateus","doi":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103641","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103641","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate growth control is critical for the achievement of proportional organs during animal development and repair processes. Either extra or deficient growth rates lead to organ functional impairment. The understanding of how organs acquire, recover, and fine-tune their final size has been a long-lasting biological problem. How do organs measure their current size? This review is centered on this question through the lens of the physical properties governing cell communication mechanisms. In particular, we highlight and discuss new insight into the dynamic connections between several cellular control mechanisms that operate at different timescales to regulate organ growth and morphogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":21735,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in cell & developmental biology","volume":"174 ","pages":"103641"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144817433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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