Possibilities and ethical issues of entrusting nursing tasks to robots and artificial intelligence.

IF 2.9 1区 哲学 Q1 ETHICS Nursing Ethics Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-12 DOI:10.1177/09697330221149094
Tomohide Ibuki, Ai Ibuki, Eisuke Nakazawa
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Abstract

In recent years, research in robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) has made rapid progress. It is expected that robots and AI will play a part in the field of nursing and their role might broaden in the future. However, there are areas of nursing practice that cannot or should not be entrusted to robots and AI, because nursing is a highly humane practice, and therefore, there would, perhaps, be some practices that should not be replicated by robots or AI. Therefore, this paper focuses on several ethical concepts (advocacy, accountability, cooperation, and caring) that are considered important in nursing practice, and examines whether it is possible to implement these ethical concepts in robots and AI by analyzing the concepts and the current state of robotics and AI technology. Advocacy: Among the components of advocacy, safeguarding and apprising can be more easily implemented, while elements that require emotional communication with patients, such as valuing and mediating, are difficult to implement. Accountability: Robotic nurses with explainable AI have a certain level of accountability. However, the concept of explanation has problems of infinite regression and attribution of responsibility. Cooperation: If robot nurses are recognized as members of a community, they require the same cooperation as human nurses. Caring: More difficulties are expected in care-receiving than in caregiving. However, the concept of caring itself is ambiguous and should be explored further. Accordingly, our analysis suggests that, although some difficulties can be expected in each of these concepts, it cannot be said that it is impossible to implement them in robots and AI. However, even if it were possible to implement these functions in the future, further study is needed to determine whether such robots or AI should be used for nursing care. In such discussions, it will be necessary to involve not only ethicists and nurses but also an array of society members.

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将护理任务委托给机器人和人工智能的可能性和伦理问题。
近年来,机器人和人工智能(AI)研究取得了快速发展。可以预见,机器人和人工智能将在护理领域发挥作用,其作用在未来可能会扩大。然而,在护理实践中,有些领域不能或不应该委托给机器人和人工智能,因为护理是一项高度人性化的实践,因此,可能会有一些实践不应该由机器人或人工智能复制。因此,本文将重点讨论在护理实践中被视为重要的几个伦理概念(倡导、责任、合作和关爱),并通过分析这些概念以及机器人和人工智能技术的现状,探讨是否有可能在机器人和人工智能中实现这些伦理概念。倡导:在倡导的内容中,保障和告知比较容易实现,而重视和调解等需要与患者进行情感交流的内容则难以实现。问责制:具有可解释人工智能的机器人护士具有一定的责任感。然而,解释的概念存在无限倒退和责任归属的问题。合作:如果承认机器人护士是社区成员,他们就需要与人类护士一样的合作。护理:与护理相比,接受护理会遇到更多困难。然而,"关爱 "这一概念本身并不明确,需要进一步探讨。因此,我们的分析表明,虽然这些概念中的每一个都会遇到一些困难,但不能说机器人和人工智能不可能实现这些概念。不过,即使将来有可能实现这些功能,也需要进一步研究,以确定是否应将这些机器人或人工智能用于护理工作。在这些讨论中,不仅需要伦理学家和护士的参与,还需要社会各界人士的参与。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Nursing Ethics
Nursing Ethics 医学-护理
CiteScore
7.80
自引率
11.90%
发文量
117
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Nursing Ethics takes a practical approach to this complex subject and relates each topic to the working environment. The articles on ethical and legal issues are written in a comprehensible style and official documents are analysed in a user-friendly way. The international Editorial Board ensures the selection of a wide range of high quality articles of global significance.
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